Feedforward control for nitrogen removal in a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic plant for municipal wastewater treatment

To improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal with lower energy consumption, the study of feedforward control was carried out on a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxicoxic (AAO) plant for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The effluent qualities of the pilot plant under different control strategies were investigated. The results indicated that the change of external recycle was not a suitable approach to regulate the sludge concentration of plug-flow reactors; adjusting the aeration valve and dissolved oxygen set-point according to ammonia load could overcome the impact of influent fluctuation; and the denitrification potential could be estimated based on the transit time of anoxic zone and the relative content of carbon resource entering the anoxic zone. Simple feedforward control strategies for aeration and internal recycle were subsequently proposed and validated. The nitrogen removal was successfully improved in the pilot plant. The effluent total nitrogen had decreased by 29.9% and was steadily controlled below 15 mg·L⁻¹. Furthermore, approximately 38% of the energy for aeration had been saved.     

巴氏醋酸杆菌发酵处理甲醇废水合成细菌纤维素的研究

介绍了巴氏醋酸杆菌以甲醇为唯一碳源、以酵母膏或蛋白胨为氮源合成细菌纤维素,同时净化甲醇废水的方法,并对合成细菌纤维素的培养条件进行了研究。试验得出巴氏醋酸杆菌的适宜发酵条件为：发酵培养基中甲醇质量分数为3．5％左右,发酵培养基初始pH为5．0～6．0。接种量为5％,发酵培养温度为30℃,振荡器转速为100r／min。     

A pyrazine based metal-organic framework for selective removal of copper from strongly acidic solutions

● pz-UiO-66 was synthesized facilely by a solvothermal method. ● Efficient capture of copper from highly acidic solution was achieved by pz-UiO-66. ● pz-UiO-66 exhibited excellent selectivity and capacity for copper capture. ● Pyrazine-N in pz-UiO-66 was shown to be the dominant adsorption site. The selective capture of copper from strongly acidic solutions is of vital importance from the perspective of sustainable development and environmental protection. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted the interest of many scholars for adsorption due to their fascinating physicochemical characteristics, including adjustable structure, strong stability and porosity. Herein, pz-UiO-66 containing a pyrazine structure is successfully synthesized for the efficient separation of copper from strongly acidic conditions. Selective copper removal at low pH values is accomplished by using this material that is not available in previously reported metal–organic frameworks. Furthermore, the material exhibits excellent adsorption capacity, with a theoretical maximum copper uptake of 247 mg/g. As proven by XPS and FT-IR analysis, the coordination of pyrazine nitrogen atoms with copper ions is the dominant adsorption mechanism of copper by pz-UiO-66. This work provides an opportunity for efficient and selective copper removal under strongly acidic conditions, and promises extensive application prospects for the removal of copper in the treatment for acid metallurgical wastewater.     

水上交通事故分析研究进展

为更好地开展水上交通事故分析研究,提高我国水上交通安全水平,从船舶风险评估与事故预测、事故分析以及事故及通航安全数据的组织与数据库建立3个方面对国内外的相关研究进行论述和分析。提出以建立水上交通事故时空数据平台为基础,结合数据挖掘和安全工程的理论方法研究事故发生机理,评估事故风险,并将研究事故模拟再现技术作为事故分析的重要技术手段。     

Variations in the coral community at the high-latitude Bailong Peninsula,northern South China Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-latitude coral communities have attracted much attention due to their potential as refuges during global climate change. However, this function...     

乡村绿色住区示范区污水就地处置回用--黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村绿色住区水资源开发利用研究

探讨了乡村绿色住区污水就地处置技术的可行性,结合西北黄土高原乡村绿色住区示范区建设,设计了黄土高原干旱半干旱乡村聚居区污水就地处置回用的工艺型式.     

高填方多级挡墙路堤变形及稳定性分析

针对高填方路堤回填料分层碾压施工中呈现出超固结、剪胀和时间相依等复杂变形特征,以高填方多级挡墙路堤为例,通过现场勘查、室内试验以及变形监测获得回填土石料的力学性质,分别采用摩尔库仑、修正剑桥以及基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性二次开发本构模型,逐步表征路堤回填料的超固结、剪胀以及时间相依变形行为,并结合单元试验以及现场沉降监测数据反演综合确定三种本构模型材料,对比分析三种本构模型模拟高填方路堤施工及工后变形的差异,最后利用有限元强度折减法分析该高填方多级挡墙路堤的稳定性。计算结果表明:在路堤填筑初期(21 d),基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性模型和修正剑桥模型相比摩尔库仑模型考虑了先期固结应力,计算沉降量结果稍小;随着施工填筑的进行(100 d),一旦超过先期固结应力后,三种模型的沉降量变化逐渐接近;随着时间的增长,仅基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性模型能计算路堤的长期沉降,预测该路堤顶10 a工后沉降17 cm,满足工后沉降要求;同时发现路堤水平侧移呈“S”型内倾的变化特点,且通过有限元法强度折减计算得到边坡稳定性最小安全系数和最危险滑动面,均满足边坡稳定性要求,路堤边坡的失稳预警位移为4.6 cm。     

焦化场地典型多环芳烃类污染物精细化风险评估

为准确评估多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤对人体的健康风险,解决目前基于总量风险评估导致土壤PAHs修复目标值过严的问题,采用德国标准研究院颁布的生物可给性测试方式研究了石家庄某焦化厂土壤中苯并[b]荧蒽(BBF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BKF)、苯并[a]芘(BAP)、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘(IPY)和二苯并[a,h]蒽(DBA)共5种PAHs的生物可给性,并基于考虑和不考虑生物可给性计算了场地PAHs经口摄入途径下的人体健康致癌风险及修复目标值.结果表明,(1)调查研究区域BBF、BAP、IPY和DBA浓度超出《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB36600—2018)规定的第一类用地筛选值;(2)土壤中PAHs的生物可给性范围为14.71% ～56.42% ;(3)在考虑生物可给性后,4种超标PAHs的健康风险均有所降低,其中BBF的风险值已低于国家导则规定的人体可接受水平;(4)引入生物可给性后BAP、IPY和DBA的修复目标值(95% UCL)为2.83、34.63和1.95 mg·kg-1 ,分别提高了2.6倍、3.4倍和1.5倍.对焦化场地典型污染物PAHs进行精细化健康风险评估,可以在一定程度上克服现有技术导则计算土壤PAHs修复目标值过于严格的问题.     

复杂环境下失效电子元器件的综合检测与原因分析

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机等手段,对复杂环境下电子元器件进行了综合检测和失效原因分析.结果表明,失效电子元器件中铜镁导线材料的化学成分符合规范要求,但是部分单线表面局部分布有不同尺寸横向压痕,不符合规范要求.电子元器件中导线整体在弯扭应力作用下,各单线外侧表面承受较大轴向拉应力;单线在拉应力作用下,极易在表面...     

地铁内部环境控制与系统安全的基本分析

1引言 城市人口的迅速增长以及出行车辆和出行人数的急剧增长,给城市带来了交通拥挤、环境污染、能源危机和公共安全等问题,同时也使得城市面临环境容量控制和人员应急疏散的问题.因此发展城市公共交通、缓和车辆拥挤的问题越来越引起世界各国的高度重视.由于地铁具有高速、安全、准时、载客量大、不受外部气候条件限制,同时又具有能降低地面噪音、减少城市污染的特点,所以,地铁成为当今解决城市交通拥挤最有效的手段.然而地铁系统结构复杂、投资巨大、运行成本非常高,因此必须在地铁系统的设计筹措阶段就要考虑全面,并对各个环节提出合理的设计方案.例如:地铁安全设计规划、地铁环境控制方案等等.地铁环境控制系统和系统安全是地铁系统中的一个重要组成部分,二者有机结合是地铁大安全的要求.