基于XML的国家重大危险源中间数据库研究与实现

为建立国家重大危险源监管信息系统,针对目前地方数据库系统异构问题,提出了基于XML中间数据库的解决方案.首先对XML与关系数据库的关系进行了分析,并对XML文档结构与数据库结构的映射以及XML与关系数据库之间的转换进行了探讨;接着定义了国家标准中九大类重大危险源信息的XML模版;最后采用JDOM技术,实现了从省市重大危险源数据库集中到国家中间数据库,为进一步建立国家中心数据库奠定了基础.     

光学检测法用于工业气体检测的研究

开展基于特定物质吸收光谱及其谐波检测技术的气体检测装置的实验研究.检测装置采用频率稳定措施,使激光频率始终控制在待测气体的吸收谱线上,对环境的抗干扰能力强,不会产生误判.不需要经常标定,不需要采样.     

清江高坝洲津洋口防护区水环境污染治理

介绍了湖北省清江高坝洲津洋口防护区的概况,对津洋口防护区水环境污染现状进行了分析和调查研究,同时得出了防护区的主要污染为工业废水污染.计算了津洋口防护区丹水河的水环境容量,并据此提出水环境污染治理方案.     

畜禽沼液中抗生素和激素的微波处理

通过间歇处理和连续处理实验，探讨微波技术对沼液中四环素类抗生素和激素喹乙醇去除的效果。结果表明，沼液在微波间歇处理中，最优反应时间为40min。此条件下沼液中喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到26％、49％、48％和70％；微波可显著提高可生化性，BOD5／COD值达到0．37。微波一好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率分别达到91％和93％，明显优于单独好氧处理。沼液微波连续处理中，最优HRT为90min，此时喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到24％、45％、50％和74％；BOD5／COD值达到0．34。微波．好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率均为90％，优于单独好氧处理效果。     

Effect of chlorination and ultraviolet disinfection on tetA-mediated tetracycline resistance of Escherichia coli

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an emerging threat to public health during drinking water consumption and reclaimed water reuse. Several studies have shown that the proportions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in waters may increase when exposed to low doses of UV light or chlorine. In this study, inactivation of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli and antibiotic-sensitive E. coli by UV disinfection and chlorination was compared to determine the tolerance of tetracycline-resistant E. coli to UV light and chlorine, and tetracycline resistance of a tetracycline-resistant E. coli population was studied under different doses of the disinfectants. Our results showed that relative to antibiotic-sensitive E. coli, tetracycline-resistant E. coli had the same tolerance to UV light and a potentially higher tolerance to chlorination. The mortality frequency distributions of tetracycline-resistant E. coli exposed to tetracycline were shifted by both chlorination and UV disinfection. When compared to the hemi-inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of tetracycline-resistant E. coli with no exposure to UV or chlorination, the IC₅₀ of tetracycline-resistant E. coli treated with tetracycline was 40% lower when inactivation by UV light or chlorination reached 3-log but was 1.18 times greater when inactivation by chlorination reached 4.3-log. Chlorination applied to drinking water or reclaimed water treatment may increase the risk of selection for highly tetracycline-resistant E. coli.     

Phosphine in paddy fields and the effects of environmental factors

Ambient levels of phosphine (PH₃) in the air, phosphine emission fluxes from paddy fields and rice plants, and the distribution of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) in paddy soils were investigated throughout the growing stages of rice. The relationships between MBP and environmental factors were analyzed to identify the principal factors determining the distribution of MBP. The phosphine ambient levels ranged from 2.368 ± 0.6060 ng m⁻³ to 24.83 ± 6.529 ng m⁻³ and averaged 14.25 ± 4.547 ng m⁻³. The highest phosphine emission flux was 22.54 ± 3.897 ng (m² h)⁻¹, the lowest flux was 7.64 ± 4.83 ng (m² h)⁻¹, and the average flux was 14.17 ± 4.977 ng (m² h)⁻¹. Rice plants transport a significant portion of the phosphine emitted from the paddy fields. The highest contribution rate of rice plants to the phosphine emission fluxes reached 73.73% and the average contribution was 43.00%. The average MBP content of 111.6 ng kg⁻¹fluctuated significantly in different stages of rice growth and initially increased then decreased with increasing depth. The peak MBP content in each growth stage occurred approximately 10 cm under the surface of paddy soils. Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that soil temperature (Ts), acid phosphatase (ACP) and total phosphorus (TP) were the principal environmental factors, with correlative rankings of Ts > ACP > TP.     

浅析规模化畜禽集中养殖环境污染现状及防治对策——以安居区玉丰镇为例

通过实地调查取样分析,结果表明:玉丰镇鸡头寺村和金龟村规模化畜禽集中养殖实际出栏量是土地环境容量1.3倍,土壤中含锌、铜、锰、砷量分别为163.05mg/kg、156.00mg/kg、101.13mg/kg和9.19mg/kg,已造成土壤污染,农田灌溉用水化学需氧量超标准限值503%,地下水和大气受到一定程度的污染。     

黄金周旅游产品网络团购流流向特征研究——以拉手网、糯米网、窝窝团为例

从旅游产品网络团购的研究视角,以中国26个旅游地旅游产品网络团购流为研究数据,通过空间分析法、位序—规模法研究“十一黄金周”旅游产品网络团购流向、省际流向、省内流向特征.研究发现:①旅游产品团购流省际流向整体上表现出微弱离散、相对均衡分布特征,局部表现出一定的流向聚集性.②省内团购流流向受产品导向表现出集中性、首位集中性的特点,且团购流省内流向具有城市等级性.③团购流流向显示各省份旅游产品网络团购营销的强与弱、省内非省级城市团购营销的不足.     

计及风速与风机故障相关性的概率潮流计算

针对计及风速与风机故障不确定性及相关性的风电并网电力系统概率潮流计算问题,基于Nataf变换建立了能够同时考虑风速、风机故障不确定性和相关性的风电场出力模型,提出一种可灵活处理风速与风机故障相关性的MonteCarlo概率潮流计算方法,并引入“拉丁超立方抽样”技术提高抽样效率,降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明:该方法能反映风电场出力的实际情况,合理评估风电并网对电力系统概率潮流的影响,有助于风电场的选址及电网规划。     

甘肃省土壤污染防治制度构建

甘肃省土壤污染主要表现在农村面源污染、工业区城市污染以及矿区污染三个方面。究其原因，与甘肃省地理环境、社会经济发展有密切的联系；而从制度的角度看，甘肃省土壤污染只是作为全国土壤污染防治缺陷的一个缩影，有其必然性和特殊性。立足甘肃土壤污染实际情况，分析其产生的原因，最后对甘肃省土壤污染防治的制度构建提出相应建议。