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141.
为了研究人体对空气颗粒物中硼的吸收情况,为环境卫生标准的制定提供依据,采集硼作业工人班后尿液样品、上班8h的空气颗粒物样品以及24h饮食样品,分析了所有样品的硼质量浓度.结果表明:硼作业的原料工段工人班后尿硼肌酐校正质量比与经空气颗粒物潜在日硼摄人量之间没有显著的相关关系,而成品工段工人的班后尿硼肌酐校正质量比与经空气颗粒物潜在日硼摄人量之间存在着显著的正相关关系;对吸收率的分析表明,人体对空气颗粒物中以硼镁矿形态存在的硼吸收率仅为8.12%,而对以硼酸或者硼砂形态存在的硼吸收率约为74.2%,说明空气颗粒物中以硼镁矿形态存在的硼不容易进入人体血液,被人体吸收,而硼酸或者硼砂尘较易被人体吸收. 相似文献
142.
143.
三阶段温度控制堆肥接种法对有机氮变化规律的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用原生生活垃圾,通过三阶段温度控制技术进行堆肥试验,探讨在堆肥过程中有机态氮组分的动态变化规律.结果表明,全氮、酸水解有机态氮、氨基酸态氮均在堆肥的前期呈明显的下降趋势,呈较好的相关性.与CK(对照组)处理相比,在堆肥的后期,三阶段温度控制堆肥酸水解有机态氮、氨基酸态氮、氨基糖态氮及酸解未知态氮含量呈不同程度的上升趋势,增加幅度依次为:10.67%、16.17%、7.17%、22.44%.表明三阶段温度控制技术能减少堆肥中氮素的损失,堆肥产品施入土壤后,可提高土壤的供氮潜力. 相似文献
144.
Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
YAN Ming-quan WANG Dong-sheng SHI Bao-you WEI Qun-shan QU Jiu-hui TANG Hong-xiao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(3):271-277
Characterizing natural organic matter (NOM), particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant (HPAC) was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system. 相似文献
145.
YIN Da-qiang HU Shuang-qing GU Ying WEI Li LIU Shu-shen ZHANG Ai-qian 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(2):232-237
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in Carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA (0.054-5.4 mg/L), estradiol (0.0002-2.0 mg/L) and hydrocortisone (5-50 mg/L) significantly induced Carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone (500-5000 mg/L) appeared to be inhibitory. BPA (0.005-50 mg/L), estradiol (0.005-800 mg/L) and hydrocortisone (0.005-500 mg/L) markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA (500-1000 mg/L) appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA (50 mg/L) and hydrocortisone (50 and 500 mg/L) suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested (0.05-500 mg/L). In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to Carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in Carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages. 相似文献
146.
颗粒污泥SBR处理生活污水同步除磷脱氮的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
采用厌氧-好氧的SBR运行方式,以人工配水培养的好氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥,处理碳、氮、SS浓度均较高的生活污水,研究了系统中颗粒污泥的稳定性及其去除有机物和同步除磷脱氮的效果.经过1个月的驯化培养,颗粒污泥即可呈现出良好的污染物去除性能并趋于稳定,反应器中颗粒污泥含量始终占污泥总量的68%以上.颗粒污泥系统污泥浓度为5 000~6000mg/L,SVI值为20~35 mL/g.经过3个月的运行后,反应器中颗粒污泥由原来以粒径0.6~0.9 mm的中等大小颗粒占主体变为粒径>1.25 mm的大颗粒占主体.稳定运行阶段颗粒污泥系统对COD、TOC、磷酸盐、氨氮、总氮和SS的平均去除率分别为83.04%、70.41%、94.30%、86.51%、41.82%和85.89%.对反应器运行过程中典型周期的分析,反映出颗粒污泥良好的同步除磷脱氮效果. 相似文献
147.
Irnazaquin applied in legume crops has a long residual time in soil, which often impacts safety of the susceptible crops. To increase safety of imazaquin application, two composted litters, bovine manure (BM) and chicken manure (CM), were used to determine their effects on imazaquin environmental behavior by incorporating each kind of manure into the tested sandy loam soil at 10% (w/w). The degradation of imazaquin in BM- and CM-amended soil was about 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, faster than that in unamended soil. The half-lives of imazaquin in BM-amended soil varied between 6.7 and 15.4 d over the temperature range of 20 to 40℃, and the degradation rate constant (k) increased by a factor of about 1.5 for every 10℃ change. Higher mix ratio did not significantly increase the degradation, and the optimal active degradation of imazaquin was observed approximately at the mix ratio of 10:1 of soil to BM. The different moisture levels had negligible effect on imazaquin degradation. In both unamended and BM-amended treatments, two metabolites were observed at 5, 10 and 30 d after treatment. One metabolite at retention time (RT) of 8.4 rain was identified as 2-(4- hydroxyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) quinoline acid, originating from the loss of isopropyl group and hydroxylation at the 4-position of imidazolinone ring. The other at RT of 12.9 rain was identified as quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, resulting from detachment of imidazolinone ring and the forming of dicarboxylic anhydride. This finding suggested that the addition of farm litters into soil might be a good management option since it can not only increase soil fertility but also contribute to increase safety of imazaquin application to the following susceptible crops. 相似文献
148.
ABR处理硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
为了考察厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理含硫酸盐有机废水的相分离特性,采用有效容积为32L的五隔室ABR,通过为期132d的启动试验,研究了启动运行过程中各隔室COD和SO24-降解情况、VFA和S2-分布规律及颗粒污泥微生物相变化状况.结果表明,采用低负荷低增幅方式启动,在132d内成功启动ABR并达到稳定,COD和SO24-的负荷分别由1.5kg·(m3·d)-1逐渐提高到3.3kg·(m3·d-1)和由0.07kg·(m3·d-1)逐渐提高到0.18kg·(m3·d-1),COD和SO24-的去除率分别为95%和85%左右.各隔室COD沿程呈递减趋势,其去除主要由第1、4、5隔室完成,SO42-的去除主要由前面三隔室承担,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-浓度较高,到最后两隔室则急剧降低;随负荷的增加,承担COD及SO42-主要去除作用的隔室后移,前面三隔室的VFA和S2-最高点及最后两隔室的VFA和S2-的急剧降低位置也后移;各隔室的微生物经长期运行驯化后表现出良好的种群配合和高度的特异性,具有明显的产酸相与产甲烷相、硫酸盐还原相与硫单质生成相的分离特征. 相似文献
149.
目的研究不锈钢-气氮板式热沉中,氮气压力、氮气入口流速以及热沉自身流道深度对热沉传热性能的影响。方法利用AnsysFluent软件,对板式热沉壁面温度分布情况以及进出口压力损失进行模拟仿真。结果提高氮气压力和氮气入口速度可以提升热沉的温度均匀性,但热沉进出口压力损失也会增大。对于气氮-板式热沉而言,流道深度的改变对热沉温度均匀性的影响不大,但流道深度较小时,进出口压力损失较大。结论建议在设计气氮-板式热沉时,流道深度选择在8~10 mm,外流程中氮气压力控制在0.3~0.4 MPa,氮气流速控制在20 m/s为宜。 相似文献
150.
水热法制备BiVO4及其可见光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以Bi(NO3)3•5H2O为铋源,NH4VO3为钒源,采用简单的水热法制备了BiVO4 光催化剂,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对产品进行了结构表征。同时,在BiVO4光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水反应中考察了催化剂用量、通氧量、溶液pH值、双氧水用量及光照强度对糖蜜酒精废水脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.398 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。当降解经30倍稀释的糖蜜酒精废水,BiVO4添加量为3.0 g•L−1 ,通氧量为120 L•h-1,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为9 %,不改变废水pH值,在400W镝灯离液面11cm照射反应180 min的条件下,糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为88.60 %,COD去除率为25.84%,而添加5g•L−1的FeSO4•7H2O后其脱色率和COD去除率分别提高到90.90 %和91.26%。单斜晶型BiVO4晶体的可见光催化糖蜜酒精废水过程符合一级动力学反应。 相似文献