火工品可靠性(或安全性)评估的Bayes方法

对火工品可靠性（或安全性）评估中通常采用的经典方法进行了剖析。介绍了数理统计方法学中近年来兴起的Ｂａｙｅｓ统计推断方法，并给出了此法在火工品二项分布、正态分布情况下，对可靠度评估的应用实例。     

用生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气

为解决废气中有机胺类物质的恶臭污染问题,采用自制生物填料塔处理三甲胺废气,考察了生物填料塔运行的主要影响因素及对三甲胺废气的净化效果。实验结果表明,在进气中三甲胺质量浓度为80.00mg/m3、气体流量为0.3m3/h(停留时间不小于30s)、循环液喷淋密度为0.5m3/(m2.h)的条件下,三甲胺去除率达99.9%,净化后气体能达到国家二级排放标准;生物填料塔对三甲胺的总去除量与容积负荷呈直线关系,相关系数达0.9949,表明三甲胺废气的生物净化效果显著。     

含油污泥固化处理后油的迁移研究

利用紫外分光光度计和索氏抽提器,研究了温度、土壤含水率以及水泥与污泥的不同比例等因素在不同时间对含油污泥固化后油迁移的影响。试验结果表明:对于强度为3.84MPa的污泥固化块,油的迁移量从240h迁移6.8mg变为480h迁移178mg,之后变化较小。在20℃～30℃时,随着温度的增加,迁移量从6.8mg增加到20.6mg,超过30℃以后迁移量的增幅变小。水泥与污泥的比例从1∶0.8增加到1∶1.4,油的迁移量从256mg降到27.2mg,之后未检测到。960h后,迁移量达到348mg,此时土壤中油含量为1.16%,在环境的自净作用下,土壤能完全容纳;强度大于9.56MPa时未检测到油。这表明用固化法处理油田含油污泥是安全可靠的。     

"双主模式"在课程整合中的应用

信息技术与课程整合的实施是强调在各学科的教学过程中积极运用信息技术.大部分学校的实践过程中还是普遍存在着这样那样的误区.将“双主模式“教学设计理论作为信息技术与课程整合的指导思想,体现学生的主体性,发挥教师的主导作用.     

城市重大事故应急救援预案研究

根据国家有关法律法规的规定，对城市重大事故进行了界定，阐述了建立城市重大事故应急救援预案的必要性、原则、依据、级别和内容。对应急救援指挥系统、信息系统和安全文化进行了初步探讨.     

Research and application of method of oxygen isotope of inorganic phosphate in Beijing agricultural soils

Phosphorus (P) in agricultural ecosystems is an essential and limited element for plants and microorganisms. However, environmental problems caused by P accumulation as well as by P loss have become more and more serious. Oxygen isotopes of phosphate can trace the sources, migration, and transformation of P in agricultural soils. In order to use the isotopes of phosphate oxygen, appropriate extraction and purification methods for inorganic phosphate from soils are necessary. Here, we combined two different methods to analyze the oxygen isotopic composition of inorganic phosphate (δ¹⁸O_P) from chemical fertilizers and different fractions (Milli-Q water, 0.5 mol L^?1 NaHCO₃ (pH = 8.5), 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH and 1 mol L^?1 HCl) of agricultural soils from the Beijing area. The δ¹⁸O_P results of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in most samples were close to the calculated equilibrium value. These phenomena can be explained by rapid P cycling in soils and the influence of chemical fertilizers. The δ¹⁸O_P value of the water extracts and NaHCO₃ extracts in some soil samples below the equilibrium value may be caused by the hydrolysis of organic P fractions mediated by extracellular enzymes. The δ¹⁸O_P values of the NaOH extracts were above the calculated equilibrium value reflecting the balance state between microbial uptake of phosphate and the release of intracellular phosphate back to the soil. The HCl extracts with the lowest δ¹⁸O_P values and highest phosphate concentrations indicated that the HCl fraction was affected by microbial activity. Hence, these δ¹⁸O_p values likely reflected the oxygen isotopic values of the parent materials. The results suggested that phosphate oxygen isotope analyses could be an effective tool in order to trace phosphate sources, transformation processes, and its utilization by microorganisms in agricultural soils.     

Investigation of the accumulation of ash,heavy metals,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to assess the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction in sequencing batch reactor

The accumulation of ash, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively called potential accumulating substances, PAS) was evaluated to ascertain the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction process (LSRP) for municipal sludge treatment. One sequencing batch reactor (SBR) incorporated with homogenization was run to test the LSRP and another SBR as a control. The continuous monitoring results for 2 months showed that the ash and heavy metals slightly increased, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 18.0%, indicating that there may be negligible accumulations during the LSRP. Their accumulations met pattern I, as demonstrated by statistical analysis, proving no PAS accumulation for LSRP. This was further confirmed by sludge activity and system performance. Moreover, the mechanism for no PAS accumulation was discussed. It was concluded that the LSRP was stable with no worries about PAS accumulation under the operational conditions.     

A Two-Stage Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for MPPT of Partially Shaded PV Arrays

The power-voltage (P-V) characteristic curves of a PV array are nonlinear and have multiple peaks under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This paper proposes a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a PV system with reduced steady-state oscillation based on a two-stage particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The grouping method of the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) is incorporated in the basic PSO algorithm (PSO-SFLA), ensuring fast and accurate searching of the global extremum. An adaptive speed factor is also introduced into the improved PSO to further enhance its convergence speed. Test results show that the proposed method converges in less than half the time taken by the conventional PSO method, and the power is improved by 33% under the worst PSCs, which confirms the superiority of the proposed method over the standard PSO algorithm in terms of tracking speed and steady-state oscillations under different PSCs.