电渗析在丙烯酸丁酯废水预处理中的应用

采用电渗析法预处理丙烯酸丁酯生产废水,可将废水中的有机酸盐浓缩回收,同时大大降低废水的污染物浓度.重点研究了淡水浓水初始体积比的影响,同时考察了电渗析过程中水的迁移.实验确定了淡水浓水的最佳初始体积比为5∶1,此时对COD为61 650 mg/L的废水,COD去除率可达99.5%,脱盐率在99.5%以上,同时可将废水的...     

氯氰菊酯高效降解菌GF31的生长特性及其对污染土壤的修复能力

利用高效降解菌对受污土壤进行生物强化修复是提高修复效果的可行途径之一,其中降解菌的竞争力与适应性是决定强化修复过程成败的关键因素.以实验室保藏的1株氯氰菊酯高效降解菌--铜绿假单胞菌CF31为对象,开展菌株生长特性及其对污染土壤修复的实验研究.结果表明,菌株GF31生物活性高,环境适应力强,在温度15～35℃,pH值5...     

污水污泥在富氧环境下燃烧特性的实验研究

采用综合热分析仪研究了空气气氛和富氧气氛下污水污泥和煤的燃烧曲线,分析比较氧浓度对污泥燃烧特性参数的影响,并计算得到各工况下的动力学参数。结果表明：随着氧浓度增加,污泥燃烧DTG曲线向低温区移动,着火温度和燃尽温度均降低,综合燃烧指数大大提高,污泥燃烧特性得到改善。可用两段一级反应动力学模型来较好的描述污泥的主要燃烧过...     

初始pH值对磷酸盐还原除磷的影响研究

以超高盐（盐度7％,以NaCI计）高磷榨菜废水为研究对象,考察了初始pH值对磷酸盐还原进程的影响。实验结果表明,初始pH值对磷酸盐还原除磷效能影响显著。初始pH为8时,磷酸盐还原除磷率达到最高,平均值为65．45％。同时,初始pH值还会影响污泥中活性磷的形成以及基体对磷化氢的吸附。此外,偏碱性有利于磷形态转化,且BD-P（主要是一些可溶性的、还原性强的、带有Fe-P化合物的集合）含量的高低调控着生物膜内间隙水中溶解态可反应性磷（DRP）和可还原水溶态磷（RSP）含量,最终决定着磷酸盐还原进程。随着初始pH值的升高,污泥对磷化氢的吸附能力降低导致污泥中结合态磷化氢（MBP）含量不断减少。     

氢氧化镁对水中As（Ⅲ）的吸附作用

以氢氧化镁为吸附材料,通过单因素实验分别考察了氢氧化镁投加量、pH、温度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响。研究了氢氧化镁对As（Ⅲ）的吸附热力学和动力学特性,并对作用机理进行了探讨。结果表明：在砷初始浓度为0.5～100 mg/L之间,温度为25℃,pH为3,氢氧化镁投加量为0.5～4 g,吸附时间为1 h的条件下,氢氧化镁...     

膜生物反应器(MBR)-反渗透(RO)工艺深度处理印染废水的实验研究

采用膜生物反应器（MBR）-反渗透（RO）工艺对印染废水进行了深度处理实验。原水经MBR系统处理后,COD去除率、ss去除率和色度去除率分别达89．9％、100％和87．5％。MBR系统处理出水进入反渗透（RO）系统进行处理,硬度去除率和除盐率分别达99．62％和99．64％,同时可进一步除去剩余的COD、色度。系统出水水质满足生产回用的要求。     

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化中硬脂酸钙的形成及作用

在稳定运行的餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化体系中,出现白色颗粒状物质,且随着负荷的提高,其数量和粒径不断增加。利用能谱技术分析白色颗粒的元素组成,结合傅里叶红外光谱和13C核磁共振技术分析白色颗粒中的官能基团。经过研究分析认为,该白色颗粒的主要成分为长链羧酸钙盐,具体为硬脂酸钙。同时,对其形成过程进行了分析。该物质的形成对餐厨垃圾中油脂的去除提供了新的思路和途径。     

Recycling of organic materials and solder from waste printed circuit boards by vacuum pyrolysis-centrifugation coupling technology

Here, we focused on the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using vacuum pyrolysis-centrifugation coupling technology (VPCT) aiming to obtain valuable feedstock and resolve environmental pollution. The two types of WPCBs were pyrolysed at 600°C for 30 min under vacuum condition. During the pyrolysis process, the solder of WPCBs was separated and recovered when the temperature range was 400-600°C, and the rotating drum was rotated at 1000 rpm for 10 min. The type-A of WPCBs pyrolysed to form an average of 67.91 wt.% residue, 27.84 wt.% oil, and 4.25 wt.% gas; and pyrolysis of the type-B of WPCBs led to an average mass balance of 72.22 wt.% residue, 21.57 wt.% oil, and 6.21 wt.% gas. The GC-MS and FT-IR analyses showed that the two pyrolysis oils consisted mainly of phenols and substituted phenols. The pyrolysis oil can be used for fuel or chemical feedstock for further processing. The recovered solder can be recycled directly and it can also be a good resource of lead and tin for refining. The pyrolysis residues contained various metals, glass fibers and other inorganic materials, which could be recovered after further treatment. The pyrolysis gases consisted mainly of CO, CO(2), CH(4), and H(2), which could be collected and recycled.     

Quantifying air pollution attenuation within urban parks: an experimental approach in Shanghai, China

Parks with various types of vegetations played an important role in ameliorating air quality in urban areas. However, the attenuation effect of urban vegetation on levels of air pollution was rarely been experimentally estimated. This study, using seasonal monitoring data of total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) and nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) from six parks in Pudong District, Shanghai, China, demonstrated vegetations in parks can remove large amount of airborne pollutants. In addition, crown volume coverage (CVC) was introduced to characterize vegetation conditions in parks and a mixed-effects model indicated that CVC and the pollution diffusion distance were key predictors influencing pollutants removal rate. Therefore, it could be estimated by regression analysis that in summer, urban vegetations in Pudong District could contribute to 9.1% of TSP removal, 5.3% of SO(2) and 2.6% of NO(2). The results could be considered for a better park planning and improving air quality.     

Composition analysis and application of degradation products of whole feathers through a large scale of fermentation

Purpose

Feathers are one of the most abundant bioresources. They are discarded as waste in most cases and could cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, keratin constituted by amino acids is the main component of feathers. In this article, we reported on biorefined feathers and integrants and application of degraded products.

Materials and methods

The fermentation of whole chicken feathers with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ in a scale-up of a 5-L bioreactor was investigated in this article. The fermentation process was controlled at 0.08 MPa pressure, 2.5 L/min airflow, and 300 rpm as 100% oxygen saturation level, 40°C, and pH 7.8.

Results

Feathers were almost completely degraded in the tested fermentation reaction with the following conditions: 80 g of whole feathers in 3 L fermentation broth for 72 h, seed age of 16 h, 100 mL inoculation amount, and 50% oxygen saturation level. The degraded products contain 397.1 mg/L soluble protein that has mass weight ranging from 10 to 160 kD, 336.9 mg/L amino acids, and many kinds of metal ions. The fermentation broth was evaluated as leaf fertilizer and found to increase plant growth to 82% or 66% for two- or fourfold dilutions, respectively. In addition, in a hair care assay, the broth showed a hair protective function by increasing weight, flexibility, and strength of the treated hair.

Conclusions

The whole feathers were degraded completely by S. maltophilia DHHJ. The degraded product includes many factors to life, such as peptides, amino acids, and mineral elements. It could be applied as leaf fertilizer and hair care product.