浅论环境监测数据的综合分析方法

准确、可靠、可比的环境监测数据是环境科学研究工作的基础，是环境管理的依据。在第一时间判断出监测分析数据是否合理的基础上，再对监测分析的数据作进一步的分析评价，是整个数据综合分析的基础，为进一步综合分析数据提供了依据。本文通过分析几种常用的监测数据的分析方法，说明对监测数据进行综合分析是至关重要的。     

酶联免疫吸附分析法测定环境水体中的萘

使用自制的包被原和抗萘多克隆兔抗体,建立了测定环境水体中痕量萘的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法,并优化了实验条件.工作曲线线性方程为I=8.394logρ+50.21(I为抑制率,ρ为萘的质量浓度),线性范围10~(-3)～10 μg/L内的相关系数为0.985 6,方法灵敏度为0.944 μg/L,检出限为0.250 ng/L,回收率为86.00%～106.00%,批间误差为5.00%～15.00%,批内误差为2.00%～8.00%,与四种结构类似物的交叉率均小于14.0%.     

白腐菌去除氯代酚动力学研究

使用Volterra模型描述 2 ,4-二氯酚体系中白腐菌生长动力学 ,建立氯代酚去除部分偶联型动力学方程 ,描述了生物降解体系中降解菌与目标化合物的反应历程 ,利用动力学方法初步探讨批次反应时生物吸附在氯代酚去除过程中的作用     

Evaluating the air quality impacts of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: On-road emission factors and black carbon profiles

The aggressive traffic interventions and emission control measures implemented to improve air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games created a valuable case study to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures on mitigating air pollution and protecting public health. In this paper, we report the results from our field campaign in summer 2008 on the on-road emission factors of carbon monoxide, black carbon (BC) and ultrafine particles (UFP) as well as the ambient BC concentrations. The fleet average emission factors for light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) showed considerable reduction in the Olympic year (2008) compared to the pre-Olympic year (2007). Our measurement of Black Carbon (BC), a primary pollutant, at different elevations at the ambient site suggests consistent decrease in BC concentrations as the height increased near the ground level, which indicates that the nearby ground level sources, probably dominated by traffic, contributed to a large portion of BC concentrations in the lower atmospheric layer in Beijing during summertime. These observations indicate that people living in near ground levels experience higher exposures than those living in higher floors in Beijing. The BC diurnal patterns on days when traffic control were in place during the Olympic Games were compared to those on non-traffic-control days in both 2007 and in 2008. These patterns strongly suggest that diesel trucks are a major source of summertime BC in Beijing. The median BC concentration on Olympic days was 3.7 μg m⁻³, which was dramatically lower than the value on non-traffic-control days, indicating the effectiveness of traffic control regulations in BC reduction in Beijing.     

高碱高浊浮选废水混凝处理实验研究

介绍了一种超稳定、高碱度、高浊度浮选废水处理的实验研究.根据废水性质,确定以石灰和PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)作为混凝药剂处理高碱高浊度浮选废水.研究结果表明,当石灰的投加量为300 mg/L,PAM投加量为4 mg/L,沉淀时间为30 min时,出水悬浮物去除率达99%以上,浊度由原水的11 000多降低到3NTU左右,TP<0.5 mg/L,COD<60 mg/L,为废水回用奠定了基础,每m3废水的药剂成本约为0.1元,从而确定了一种经济有效的处理方法.     

CuO(-CeO_2)/SBA-15对萘氧化的催化活性及CO_2选择性研究

通过浸渍法制备CuO/SBA-15和CuO-CeO2/SBA-15两种介孔材料催化剂,采用BET、XRD、TPR和XPS等对催化剂进行表征,重点考察催化剂对萘氧化反应的催化活性及对产物CO2的选择性。BET、XRD和XPS等实验结果表明CuO高度分散于介孔分子筛SBA-15中,CeO2可促进CuO在载体上的分散,同时能降低催化剂的TPR还原温度。活性测试结果表明CuO/SBA-15对萘氧化反应的催化活性较高,但是催化氧化的CO2选择性较低,温度在380℃时CO2的生成率仅为60%左右;CeO2的添加不仅提高了CO2的生成率,15%CuO-15%CeO2/SBA-15在325℃使CO2生成率达到99%,而且CeO2增强了催化剂的稳定性。     

Developing an Environmental Indicator System for Sustainable Development in China: Two Case Studies of Selected Indicators

Environmental indicator systems are a fundamental tool in quantifying the environmental component of sustainable development. They are useful because they quantify the status and trends of key environmental parameters and provide information on the environment that allows authorities and communities to make informed decisions. This article analyzes the basic framework for Chinese environmental indicator systems and presents a “core” set of environmental indicators. In our research, we used a theme approach to develop the environmental indicator systems. We performed two case studies of selected indicators. In the first, we used an urban ambient air pollution composite index and an urban ambient air pollution indicator for three main pollutants to examine trends in urban air pollution in China from 1990 to 2000 at regional and national levels. The results indicate that China has made some progress towards controlling urban air pollution, but must do more in order to reach acceptable pollution levels. We think that an aggregated index and disaggregated indicators have important complementary roles in the policy-making processes. In the second case study, we developed and constructed a grassland degradation index that aggregates information on the extent and severity of grassland degradation. Taking the Xilinhaote region of Inner Mongolia as the study area, we calculated this index by combining remote-sensing data, a geographical information system (GIS), and field investigation. Based on these results, we provide recommendations regarding further development and measurement of environmental indicators in China.     

自然景观遥感解译基础上的华中自然区划研究

在自然景观类型的卫星图像解释和制图的基础上，通过对自然景观类型分布规律的定性分析和定量计算，自下而上归并与自上而下划分相结合，将华中地区划分为５个自然区、１９个自然亚区和３０个自然小区。     

充分发挥政府职能推动循环经济发展

本文简要阐述了作者对循环经济的认识以及发展循环经济的必要性,并面向级政府和政府部门提出了对发展循环经济的几点建议。