Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw (5% W/W), humic acid (5% W/W), and humic acid-acrylamide polymer (0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.     

The Relationships among Topographically-driven Habitats,Dominant Species and Vertical Layers in Temperate Forest in China

Russian Journal of Ecology - The relationships among topography, topographically-driven habitats, dominant species and vertical layers in forest ecosystem are often complicate. In this study, based...     

电梯困人应急救援理论的初步建立

针对备受社会关注的电梯困人应急救援的快速实现,在电梯应急救援体系建设下,研究电梯困人救援的快速实现的影响因素、改进措施及标准化电梯困人应急救援体系的建立,提出了一种建立标准化电梯困人应急救援体系的理论,该理论在提升电梯应急救援效率,缩短电梯困人救援时间上给出了指导性理论,通过以某医院为实施对象进行了试验数据采集、统计与分析及过程持续改进,同时验证了这一理论在电梯轿厢困人救援工作中的有效性和可靠性,为分析电梯救援人员组织、影响要素、对策拟定及救援标准程序建立提供了理论支撑和试验数据,为重点单位实施电梯困人救援工作的标准化程序建立提供了一种方法,也为全面降低电梯困人救援时间的实施提供新的思路和可能性,该理论及方法具有重大的现实指导意义。     

Microbial fuel cells: enhancement with a polyaniline/carbon felt capacitive bioanode and reduction of Cr(VI) using the intermittent operation

Environmental Chemistry Letters - With the increasing concern for energy sources, waste management, the search for novel technological solutions continues. Microbial fuel cell is a new...     

China’s agricultural GHG emission efficiency: regional disparity and spatial dynamic evolution

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Improving China’s agricultural greenhouse gases (GHG) emission efficiency has become an important way to cope with climate change in an...     

Conceptual study on incorporating user information into forecasting systems

The purpose of improving weather forecast is to enhance the accuracy in weather prediction. An ideal forecasting system would incorporate user-end information. In recent years, the meteorological community has begun to realize that while general improvements to the physical characteristics of weather forecasting systems are becoming asymptotically limited, the improvement from the user end still has potential. The weather forecasting system should include user interaction because user needs may change with different weather. A study was conducted on the conceptual forecasting system that included a dynamic, user-oriented interactive component. This research took advantage of the recently implemented TIGGE (THORPEX interactive grand global ensemble) project in China, a case study that was conducted to test the new forecasting system with reservoir managers in Linyi City, Shandong Province, a region rich in rivers and reservoirs in eastern China. A self-improving forecast system was developed involving user feedback throughout a flood season, changing thresholds for flood-inducing rainfall that were responsive to previous weather and hydrological conditions, and dynamic user-oriented assessments of the skill and uncertainty inherent in weather prediction. This paper discusses ideas for developing interactive, user-oriented forecast systems.     

种植陆地棉原位净化污灌区土壤中镉的可行性

为探讨非食源性作物陆地棉应用于土壤中镉原位净化的可行性,选取华北地区城郊污灌区6块代表性陆地棉样地,运用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HR-ICP-MS),测定了土壤及陆地棉根系、秸秆、果壳、纤维、籽粒中消解态全镉含量. 结果显示:污灌土壤中w(Cd)平均值为247.26 μg/kg,已出现积累现象;陆地棉植株各组织中w(Cd)为果壳(199.1 μg/kg)>秸秆(171.8 μg/kg)>根系(122.9 μg/kg)>籽粒(107.8 μg/kg)>纤维(44.8 μg/kg);陆地棉植株地上部分w(Cd)的加权平均值为150.2 μg/kg,其富集系数(BCF)为0.612,转移系数(TI)为1.22;按陆地棉生物量(干质量)为36000 kg/hm2计算,种植一季陆地棉可使土壤耕作层中w(Cd)降低2.02 μg/kg,降低了0.82%. 陆地棉属非食源性经济作物,其地域适应性广,对土壤镉的耐性较强,在污灌区土壤镉的原位净化中具有潜在应用前景.      

基于污泥减量的鸟粪石回收低浓度氮磷影响因素研究

针对三峡库区城市污水氮磷浓度较低的特点,结合城市污水处理旁路污泥减量技术研究,探索了利用鸟粪石结晶沉淀法回收城市污水中氮磷的可行性及影响因素。研究结果表明:低氮磷浓度时,鸟粪石结晶回收氮磷的规律与国内外已有的针对高浓度氮磷的研究规律不同,当污泥厌氧减量池中磷酸盐质量浓度为30～60 mg/L(约为1～2mmol/L)时,在pH值为10.0～10.5,c(Mg2+)∶c(NH 4+)∶c(PO34-)为1∶1.6∶1,反应时间为25 min,搅拌强度在200 r/min的条件下,通过鸟粪石沉淀反应磷去除率可达50%～75%,氮的去除率最高可达51%。     

吸收塔溢流现象产生的原因及其控制措施

在湿式石灰石-石膏法脱硫的运行实践中,吸收塔溢流现象是许多火电厂经常出现的情况,浆液溢流不但易造成环境污染,还会对运行方式的控制产生不利的影响。为此结合天津国华盘山发电有限责任公司(简称国华盘电)FGD系统吸收塔浆液溢流的情况,分析其溢流原因及其控制措施。     

土壤样品多氯联苯的GC/ECD双柱测定方法的优化

GC/ECD法是目前测定土壤样品多氯联苯（PCBs）总量最常用的方法.笔者参考US EPA 8082方法,针对实际土壤样品基质复杂、浓度差别大、有机氯农药干扰GC/ECD测定等特点,对样品前处理和仪器分析的各个环节进行了系统的试验研究.采用碱解萃取、酸洗、硅胶柱净化、双柱GC/ECD分析方法,将多元线性回归分析用于混合Aroclor污染类型的定性识别,外标法用于PCBs总量的定量分析.PCBs总量的清洁基体加标回收率为80%～90%,方法检出限为0.40 ng/g.