液液小体积萃取GC-MS方法测定地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了一种液液小体积萃取GC-MS测定地表水中邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的分析方法。对液液小体积萃取的原理进行了分析;对分析参数如线性相关性、相对标准偏差、最低检出限及加标回收率进行了评价。结果表明,采用液液小体积萃取GC-MS方法,当取样体积为200 mL,萃取试剂用量为2 mL时,方法的最低检出限为0.03～0.09μg/L;5种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物回收率范围在68%～115%之间;其相对标准偏差范围在3.3%～8.2%之间。对实际地表水水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物进行了定性定量分析,结果令人满意。     

Microcystin-LR biodegradation by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05

A promising bacterial strain for biodegrading microcystin-LR (MC-LR) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source was successfully isolated from Lake Dianchi, China. The strain was identified as Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05, which was the first isolated MCs-biodegrading Sphingopyxis sp. in China. The average biodegradation rate of MC-LR by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 was 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ per day, which was apparently higher than those of other bacteria reported so far. The optimal temperature and pH for both strain USTB-05 growth and MC-LR biodegradation were 30°C and 7.0, respectively. The release of MC-LR from the cyanobacterial cells collected from Lake Guishui and the biodegradation of MC-LR by both strain and cell-free extract (CE) were investigated. The results indicated that MC-LR with the initial concentration of 4.0 mg·L⁻¹ in water was biodegraded by Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 within 4 d, while MC-LR with the initial concentration of 28.8 mg·L⁻¹ could be completely removed in 3 h by CE of Sphingopyxis sp. USTB-05 containing 350 mg·L⁻¹ protein. During enzymatic biodegradation of MC-LR, two intermediate metabolites and a dead-end product were observed on an HPLC chromatogram. Moreover, the similar scanning profiles of MC-LR and its metabolic products indicate that the Adda side-chain of MC-LR was kept intact in all products.     

合肥台短水准异常与周边地震活动分析

以合肥台跨郯庐断裂短水准数据为基础,结合华东地区中强震及安徽地区小震释放能量分析了历史测量资料在地震期间的变化,研究了辅助资料对测量资料的影响,得出:(1)降水虽可能造成敏感地块的断层形变异常,但在区域应力作用断层到一定强度时断层形变异常仍具有一定的前兆意义.(2)华东地区中强地震、安徽地区小震(群)与合肥台断层形变存...     

基于气流轨迹大气输送对大连市酸雨形成分析

文章利用HYSPLIT-4后推气流轨迹模式,对辽宁省大连市2007年的降水来源进行气流轨迹模拟,再通过聚类分析方法,得到气流的平均轨迹分布,从而分析大连市降水的来源及各方向气流对酸雨形成的影响。研究表明,大连市酸雨污染主要由西-南、西北和北-东-南3个方向气流形成。在季风影响下,6-10月的雨季,来自西-南方向气流多经过河北、京津、山东、我国东部沿海等工业发达地区或朝鲜半岛;起源于北绕行东-南方向气流仅在辽宁省内行12小时后,也途经山东或朝鲜半岛及南部海域,这2个方向的气流运行高度低,地面污染贡献大,携带大量致酸前体物,在大连形成酸性降水频率高,导致其酸雨污染严重。而来自西北方向的气流经过蒙古、内蒙古、辽宁西部等工业欠发达地区,且多在高空运行,气流相对干净,很少形成酸性降水。     

高速公路环境影响评价与对策分析

高速公路建设带来了经济的发展和繁荣,同时也在一定程度上加剧了环境和人类之间的矛盾,也给国民经济的可持续发展带了巨大的负面影响。本文结合高速公路特点,就高速公路全过程对沿线环境产生的影响进行了分析,针对污染形成的一般规律结合高速公路设计、施工、运营的不同特点给出了相应的保护对策。     

快速、同时测定海洋沉积物中21种有机氯农药和7种多氯联苯

建立了一种ASE同时提取,SPE净化,气相色谱法(GC-ECD)同时测定海洋沉积物中21种OCPs和7种PCBs的快速分析方法.结果表明:利用SPE Florisil小柱可快速从提取液中分离28种OCPs和PCBs.对含杂质较少的沉积物样品仅需4 mL C6H14和7 mL C6H14/CH2Cl2(V/V 1:1)淋...     

相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故分析

针对相转移法环氧氯丙烷装置蒸馏釜燃爆事故,采用故障树分析方法,以蒸馏釜燃爆作为顶上事件进行分析。在进行故障树最小割集分析与基本事件重要度分析的基础上,根据3种不同燃爆事故类型分别提出了相应的蒸馏釜燃爆事故预防措施。     

化学品反应危险性定量评估方法的研究

介绍了一种基于初始放热温度、反应热功率、绝热反应温升、热自燃温度、(初)沸点的反应危险性指数定量分级化学品反应危险性的方法。利用层次分析法判定各参数的权重,利用两种正态分布函数进行指标值的无量纲化处理。通过计算得到的反应危险性指数对几种物质进行验证,得到较为理想的定量评估结果。     

含溴黄浦江水消毒过程中溴代三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的生成特性

通过水厂出水DBPs调查和氯化培养实验探讨了黄浦江水中溴离子（Br-）在消毒过程中的迁移及对含溴副产物（溴代三卤甲烷和卤乙酸）生成的影响.结果表明,采用氯胺消毒的水厂出水中约10%的Br-迁移至Br-THMs和Br-HAAs.氯化培养时,在余氯充足的前提下增加Br-浓度,总有机溴（TOBr）和含溴副产物均增加.延长氯化...     

Removal of phosphorus and sulfur from yellow phosphorus off-gas by metal-modified activated carbon

In order to provide comprehensive utilization of high concentration CO for mono-carbon (C1) chemical industry, the purification of yellow phosphorus off-gas is of great concern. In this research, activated carbon (AC) modified by different impregnants were used for removal of PH₃, H₂S, SO₂, COS, and CS₂ in yellow phosphorus off-gas. For the removal of PH₃, AC impregnated with 0.10 mol L⁻¹ CuAc₂ was proved to be the best adsorbent. And removal efficiency of H₂S could be significantly enhanced by AC impregnated with 7% Na₂CO₃. The results of plant experiments suggested that the total concentration of the impurities in yellow phosphorus off-gas was less than 1 mg Nm⁻³ after purification operation. The metal-modified activated carbon (MMAC) was systematically characterized in terms of XPS, TGA, and DTA. The adsorption reaction mechanism was also investigated. As a result, the yellow phosphorus off-gas purified in this study can be used as a raw material gas in the C1 chemical industry.