气候变化对亚高山暗针叶林土壤温室气体排放的影响

利用生物地球化学模犁Forest-DNDC模拟气候变化对贡嘎山亚高山暗针叶林土壤温室气体的释放的影响.以位于贡嘎山东坡海拔3 000 m的峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)中龄林为研究对象,以1999-2006年8年的日气候数据进行平均得到的日平均最高温度、日平均最低温度和日平均降水总最作为基线(Base)气候情景,另外设置了温度+2℃(升)、温度.2℃(T-)、降水量+20%(P+)、降水量-20%(P-)、温度十2℃同时降水量+20%(T+P+)、温度-2℃同时降水量-20%(T-P-)、温度+2℃同时降水量-20%(T+P-)、温度-2℃同时降水量+20%(T-P+)8种气候变化情景.结果显示:贡嘎山峨眉冷杉林土壤CO_2释放随着温度增加而增加,土壤N_2O释放对降水量改变敏感,而土壤NO的释放对温度和降水的改变均比较敏感,二者表现为协同作用.温度+2℃同时降水量+20%(升P+)情景下土壤CO_2释放最高,高于基线情景的36.08%;温度-2℃同时降水量+20%(T-P+)情景下土壤CO_2释放最低,低于基线情景的36.89%.土壤N_2O释放随着降水量的增加而升高,随着降水量减少而降低;温度和降水最同时增加时土壤NO释放均高于单一增加温度或降水量情景,而温度和降水量同时降低时土壤NO释放均低于单一降低温度或降水量情景.     

Modeling effects of temperature and precipitation on carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of subaipine

Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the effects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases （GHGs） emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the gross primary production （GPP） and soil organic carbon （SOC） increased, and the net primary production （NPP） and net ecosystem production （NEP） decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased. With the variation of baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly affected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor affecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong effect on soil N2O and NO emissions.     

Chronic exposure effects of copper on growth,metamorphosis and thyroid gland,liver health in Chinese toad,Bufo gargarizans tadpoles

The impact of copper exposure on Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles was investigated in this study. First, the 96h LC50 value of copper was 8.697 μM, by means of a 4 d acute toxicity test. Second, we studied the chronic effects of copper on B. gargarizans tadpoles at control, 0.025, 0.1 and 1.0 μM concentration. Survival, body length, body weight, developmental stage, incidence of metamorphic climax, and size at metamorphic climax were determined. In tadpoles developed to metamorphic climax (stage G42), liver and thyroid gland were assessed histologically. Copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM could inhibit tadpole growth and prolong tadpole metamorphic progress relative to controls. Tadpole size (total length and weight) at stage G42 is also affected in the 0.1 and 1.0 μM treatments. In addition, histological examinations have revealed that 1.0 μM copper could cause significant pathological changes and hepatocytes degeneration in liver. Furthermore, histomorphological measurements indicated that copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM reduced thyroid gland size, diameter and number of follicle. In conclusion, our study suggests that Cu could damage the liver and thyroid gland, so growth and metamorphosis of B. gargarizans tadpoles were inhibited resulted of disrupting liver metabolism and THs homeostasis.     

秸秆及配施生物炭对福州茉莉园土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量及其生态化学计量学特征影响

为阐明施加秸秆及配施生物炭对茉莉花园土壤碳（TC）、氮（TN）、磷（TP）和铁（Fe）含量及其生态化学计量学特征的影响,并探讨土壤活性有机碳及碳库管理指数的响应,以福州茉莉园土壤为研究对象,设置对照、秸秆、秸秆配施生物炭3种处理样地,对施加处理下福州茉莉花园0~10 cm表层土壤碳、氮、磷、铁含量和生态化学计量学特征进行测定和分析.结果表明：不同施加处理下,茉莉园土壤TC、TN含量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理>秸秆处理>对照处理（p<0.05）,TP含量均值表现为秸秆处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理>对照处理（p<0.05）,土壤Fe含量均值表现为秸秆处理大于对照和秸秆配施生物炭处理,显著增加了茉莉花园表层土壤铁含量（p<0.05）.其次,秸秆配施生物炭处理较对照和秸秆处理提高了土壤C/N、C/P、C/Fe、N/P、N/Fe、P/Fe （p<0.05）;茉莉花园0~10 cm土壤碳储量、氮储量、磷储量均值表现为秸秆配施生物炭处理显著高于对照处理（p<0.05）,提高比例分别为46.5%、20.2%、10.2%,土壤铁储量表现为秸秆处理>对照处理>秸秆配施生物炭处理.此外,秸秆施加处理提高了土壤活性有机碳（C_N）,增加了土壤碳库活度指数（CPAI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）;秸秆配施生物炭处理同样大幅度提升了土壤总有机碳含量,并显著提高了土壤碳库指数（CPI）,但这部分主要是活性较低的稳态碳（C_NA）,因此,秸秆配施生物炭降低了土壤碳库活度（CPA）、土壤碳库活度指数（CPAI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）.总体来看,从土壤固碳角度考虑,秸秆配施生物炭是更合理的利用措施.     

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix combined with regional integration analysis to characterize the composition and transformation of humic and fulvic acids from landfill at different stabilization stages

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMs) combined with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) analysis was used to investigate the composition and transformation of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) from landfill. The EEMs of HAs at different landfill ages were characterized by two typical fluorescence chromophores with Ex/Em pairs at Ex = 420-470 nm/Em = 490-530 nm and Ex = 345-375 nm/Em = 450-465 nm. EEMs of FA were featured by other two distinctly different fluorophores with Ex/Em pairs at Ex = 315-335 nm/Em = 420-440 nm and Ex = 255-275 nm/Em = 425-455 nm. The results show that HA extracted from the refuse disposed in the year of 1989 was formed by connecting small-condensed aromatic structures with protein-like chains. Compared with HA extracted from the refuse disposed in the year of 1992, HA extracted from the refuse of 1996 had a higher fluorescence intensity and lower r_(B,A) (the ratio of the fluorescence intensities of peak B and peak A) value. It contained low molar mass components, low aromatic condensation degree, and more easily oxidized substituents. This indicates that the landfill time strongly affects the EEMs characteristics of HA, and that the humification degree of HA increases with the landfill time. A red shift to a longer wavelength region and an increase of fluorescence intensity were observed when the concentration of HA was increased, suggesting that concentration had a great influence on the fluorescence characteristics of HAs. pH (2-12) also had significant effects on the fluorescence intensity, although it exerted no effect on the peak position of fluorescence of HA and FA. The results of FRI show that increasing concentration lead to more interactions among various structure components and that small molecular weight units tend to aggregate or be masked into more complicated and larger structures. The pH influence on the fluorescence intensity of HA seems mainly through molecular configuration, while the fluorescence intensity change with pH may be due to various substituents of FA.     

地铁深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物影响分析

为研究深基坑开挖对邻近建筑物的影响特征并评价其安全性,以厦门市某车站深基坑工程为例,通过构建三维有限元模型,考虑土体小应变刚度行为以及基坑-地基-基础-上部结构共同作用,计算基坑开挖引起邻近建筑物的变形值,并将柱底支座变位作为上部结构的强迫位移施加到上部结构上,然后进行结构内力分析和构件配筋验算,评价邻近建筑物的安全。研究表明:邻近建筑物越靠近基坑部分受基坑开挖影响越大,基坑开挖后,邻近建筑物结构变形主要表现为沉降和指向基坑的水平位移,结构最大水平位移为6.6 mm,自顶部向下逐渐减小,即结构发生微量倾斜;邻近建筑物地下室以沉降变形为主,主要受影响区域约为基坑围护墙后3倍的基坑开挖深度范围,沉降急剧变化区域约为1.5倍基坑开挖深度范围,地下室最大沉降为15.9 mm;受到邻近基坑开挖影响,上部结构虽然因支座变位产生内力重分布,但经检算认为整个结构仍然安全可靠。     

用CBMN法评价饮用水处理流程中有机提取物的细胞毒性

利用ＣＨＯ细胞胞质分裂阻断微核（ＣＢＭＮ）法,对某自来水厂７个处理工艺流程水中的有机提取物的细胞毒性进行了评价。在实验剂量范围内,比较了各样品的含微核的双核细胞率（ＢＮＭＮ）、核分裂指数（ＮＤＩ）和胞质分裂阻断增殖指数（ＣＢＰＩ）,实验表明,源水加氯后比源水的细胞性增大,经机加池和煤砂滤池处理后的水样毒性较大,其中煤砂滤池水毒性最大,机加池水次之,经炭吸附后的水样比炭吸附前水样的毒性下降,管网水的     

Potential metal-binding ability of proteins in the extracellular slime of Laccaria bicolor exposed to excessive Cu and Cd

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Ectomycorrhizal fungi can enhance the tolerance of plants to heavy metal stress by reducing the accumulation of heavy metals in the aerial parts of...