基于多元统计分析的辽东湾沉积物痕量金属地球化学特征

为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中痕量金属的地球化学特征和可能产生的生物效应,于2015年在辽东湾设置38个采样点,采集表层沉积物样品,测定其中13种痕量金属污染物的含量,并采用多元统计分析法对其地球化学特征进行研究. 结果表明:辽东湾表层沉积物中w(Al)、w(V)、w(Cr)、w(Mn)、w(Fe)、w(Co)、w(Ni)、w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(As)、w(Cd)、w(Ba)和w(Pb)平均值分别为55 726.95、76.21、35.59、852.85、30 482.16、11.98、27.88、21.60、76.53、9.16、0.17、396.78和21.72 mg/kg;其中w(Al)最高,占63.51%;w(Fe)其次,占34.74%. 多元统计分析结果表明,痕量金属受氧化还原环境影响强烈,V、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd在沉积物的氧化还原循环中易被Fe氧化物吸附,与Fe氧化物产生共生关系. Ba与Pb存在共生关系,具有相似的物质来源和地球化学特征;Mn是海洋沉积物中主要化学成分;Cr一般和沉积物中的陆地碎屑相结合. 生态效应浓度评价表明,Ni和As偶尔会产生不利的生物效应,产生几率分别为97%和63%;Ni、As、Cu、Pb和Cr长期暴露会产生毒性效应,产生几率分别为100%、94%、74%、6%和3%,Zn和Cd不会产生毒性效应. 根据对生物产生负面效应和毒性效应的概率,痕量金属污染程度的排序为Ni＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Cr＞Zn=Cd.      

Relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong

This paper reports on a study which explored the possible relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong. A total of 212 residential complexes from 11 contrasting urban forms were sampled, and their noise levels assessed both at dwelling and neighbourhood scales by noise mapping. Its findings indicate that residential complexes with different urban forms have significantly different noisescape attributes. There is a strong correlation between the noise characteristics and morphological indicators at the dwelling scale. A less obstreperous noisescape is associated with urban forms with lower road and building densities, and with building arrangements which provide self-noise screening. These findings suggest that urban form is an influential determinant of the noisescape in the urban environment, and they point to the need to rethink the conventional approach to managing the urban acoustic environment.     

Cu20薄膜的制备及其光催化活性

在不同水浴温度下通过电化学法在阴极导电玻璃上电沉积制备Cu2 O薄膜.XRD 和SEM 分析表明,水浴温度对制备Cu2 O薄膜的形貌、晶体粒径和晶向有重要影响.光吸收谱显示Cu2 O薄膜在可见光范围内具有较好的光吸收性能.光催化降解实验表明:在可见光下,Cu2 O薄膜对罗丹明B的降解具有较强的光催化活性;当水浴温度为5...     

The Scattering Coefficient and Mass Concentration of Smoke from Some Australian Forest Fires

Smoke from large scale fuel reduction fires in Western Australia has been investigated from an aircraft; These fires are typically 10,000-20,000 acres in area with fuel loadings of 3-6 tons/acre. Measurements were made of mass concentration, scattering coefficient and total particulate production in the smoke. The results suggest that the mass concentration (g m^-3) is equal to 0.24 times the scattering coefficient (m^-1). About 1.8% of the fuel appears as particulate matter in the air above the fire.     

Siting Ambient Air Particulate Samplers Near Dirt Roads

There are economic and regulatory incentives for considering alternatives to the direct land disposal of solvent-bearing hazardous waste streams (EPA Hazardous Waste Codes: F001, F002, F003, F004, and F005). These alternatives include recycle/reuse (including use as a fuel substitute), destruction of a stream's solvent component, and treatment prior to land disposal. This paper reviews these three waste management alternatives and discusses their applicability to solvent waste streams having various physical characteristics. Seven waste treatment techniques which may be used to handle solvent wastes are described: incineration, agitated thin-film evaporation, fractional distillation, steam stripping, wet oxidation, carbon adsorption, and activated sludge biological treatment.     

膨化预处理玉米秸秆的还原糖酶解工艺

应用膨化技术对玉米秸秆进行预处理.在单因素实验基础上,以还原糖转化率为影响值设计正交实验,研究温度、pH、液固比、酶浓度及酶解时间五因素对纤维素酶解过程的影响.得出玉米秸秆糖化酶解最佳工艺条件为:温度48℃,pH 4.5,液固比8:1,酶浓度36.0 U/g,酶解时间25 h；在此工艺条件下还原糖转化率达到28.98％.扫描电镜表征对比观察可看出,膨化后玉米秸秆纤维素酶解充分；结合红外光谱对各组分特征基团分析表明,膨化后的玉米秸秆酶解的纤维素基团特征峰变化更为明显.     

Quantitative analysis of remedial approaches,costs, and time required to remediate dry cleaner sites

This article presents an analysis of remedial approaches, costs, and time required to remediate dry cleaner sites in the United States based on data compiled by the State Coalition for the Remediation of Dry Cleaners (SCRD). Trends in soil and groundwater remedy selection are identified and discussed. Median costs and the time required to remediate dry cleaner sites are presented. In addition, median costs and the duration of soil and groundwater remediation for the most widely used remedial approaches are reported. The analysis is intended to serve the needs of stakeholders, including responsible parties, consultants, regulators, and litigants, as well as real estate developers, banks, and other holders of portfolios of impacted dry cleaner sites by providing quantitative results useful for planning and transactional analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Contribution of cooperative sector recycling to greenhouse gas emissions reduction: A case study of Ribeirão Pires,Brazil

Solid waste, including municipal waste and its management, is a major challenge for most cities and among the key contributors to climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced through recovery and recycling of resources from the municipal solid waste stream. In São Paulo, Brazil, recycling cooperatives play a crucial role in providing recycling services including collection, separation, cleaning, stocking, and sale of recyclable resources. The present research attempts to measure the greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by the recycling cooperative Cooperpires, as well as highlight its socioeconomic benefits. Methods include participant observation, structured interviews, questionnaire application, and greenhouse gas accounting of recycling using a Clean Development Mechanism methodology. The results show that recycling cooperatives can achieve important energy savings and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and suggest there is an opportunity for Cooperpires and other similar recycling groups to participate in the carbon credit market. Based on these findings, the authors created a simple greenhouse gas accounting calculator for recyclers to estimate their emissions reductions.