应用于环境样品预处理的新技术

本文介绍了超临界流体萃取技术(SFE)和固相微量萃取技术(SPME)在环境样品预处理中的应用,并与传统的样品预处理方法进行了比较,指出了这两种新技术所具有的优势,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74%–82% could be achieved. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

废旧灯管回收处理的法制和设施建设

阐述了含汞的废光源对人类健康和环境的影响,从管理手段和技术手段两方面介绍了欧盟、美、日、台湾等地区和国家相关的法规和对策,以及国内废旧荧光灯回收利用和处理处置现状.并就深圳市废旧灯管回收处理的法制和设施建设现状,提出了相关建议.     

六角凸缘面螺栓冷切挤工艺及模具设计

着重研究了六角凸缘螺栓冷切挤工艺及其与热墩工艺的比较 ,并介绍了在多工位冷墩机上的模具设计方案。     

Prenatal identification of i(YP) by molecular cytogenetic analysis

An i(Yp) is a rare marker chromosome. We present a case of de novo 46,X,i(Yp) detected prenatally in an amniotic fluid specimen. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies using a panel of Y-specific biotinylated DNA probes identified the marker chromosome as i(Yp). Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies further confirmed the diagnosis. Upon pregnancy termination, external examination of the fetus revealed a generally well-developed male fetus with slight facial dysmorphism and prominent rocker-bottom feet. The molecular cytogenetic data in this case proved very useful in genetic counselling and served as a good example illustrating the important role of molecular techniques for accurate identification of marker chromosomes.     

牛仔布染整废水处理技术及应用

以贵阳纺纱厂牛仔布生产车间废水处理工程为实例,介绍了“絮凝床-迷宫沉淀”技术对含靛兰染料、淀粉和PVC浆料的染整废水处理情况。经半年的工程实际运转表明,在进水污染物平均浓度：色度、SS、COD、BOD、NH3-N分别为400(稀释倍数)、97．0mg／L、821mg／L、189.51mg／L、1．8mg／L情况下,处理效果良好,其去除率分别为97．5％、97．4％、94．0％、90．0％、58．3％,出水达到了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB-4287-93)一级,符合环保要求,且可以回用于绿化、冲地坪等。该技术投资和运行费用合理,操作管理方便,适合中小型纺织印染厂废水处理。     

化学氧化—厌氧生物组合工艺处理纸浆废水的研究

研究了Fenton试剂氧化＋厌氧生物组合工艺处理纸浆废水的可行性，确定了Fenton试剂氧化处理的影响因素并对氧化出水进行了有关厌氧生物处理，结果证明采用化学氧化与生物处理相结合的处理方案是可行的。     

3,5-二硝基苯甲酸降解菌A3的分离及降解特性

 从硝基苯类化合物废水处理系统中分离到一株3,5-二硝基苯甲酸降解菌株A3,经形态特征、生理生化以及16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定为睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas testosteroni).该菌能以200mg/L3,5-二硝基苯甲酸为唯一碳源,12h的降解率可达95%以上,24h可溶性有机碳(DOC)由72.5mg/L降至10.2mg/L,表明3,5-二硝基苯甲酸被降解矿化而不是被转化成其他有机物.当A3以200mg/L3,5-二硝基苯甲酸为唯一碳、氮源时,将底物转化为一种黄色代谢产物,该产物不易进一步降解.A3降解3,5-二硝基苯甲酸的适宜温度为20～30℃,最适pH值为5～9.     

趋磁细菌和磁小体在地质体中的分布及其研究意义

本文介绍了趋磁细菌的生长条件和磁小体的合成条件、趋磁细菌与磁小体在地质体中的分布及其特征。讨论了磁小体对沉积物磁性的影响 ,并指出沉积物中的磁小体不仅可为研究古环境、古地磁提供有意义的信息 ,而且由于磁小体在成分、形态、大小等方面的特征 ,有望在生物医学、高级电子等领域有较好的应用前景     

汞对蔬菜幼苗生长及氧化酶同工酶的影响

汞是城市污水中的一种主要有毒物,郊区农民常用这种污水灌溉农作物,造成减产。含汞工业污水对水稻、小麦种子萌发、幼苗及胚根生长的毒性影响及体内某些酶的变化已有一些报道,但对蔬菜幼苗期形态变化与体内某些酶变化的关系则很少有人探讨。我们用不同浓度汞溶液处理番茄等6种作物种子,探讨其对幼苗生长的影响及体内氧化酶同工酶变化的关系,为生产上早期检测作物受汞害的程度、选择抗汞害的作物品种提供依据。