生物滞留池对屋面径流基本污染物的控制

快速的城市化导致不透水性下垫面急剧增加,进而加剧了径流污染,尤其是屋面径流污染。生物滞留池作为低影响开发理念的核心措施之一,对径流的净化效果显著。以屋面径流为控制对象,设计了3个生物滞留池用于探究不同土壤层厚度和不同进水方式对生物滞留池出水的影响。结果表明,实验收集的屋面径流污染严重,COD和TN为《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)劣Ⅴ类。经生物滞留池处理后发现,3个生物滞留池对悬浮物(SS)的去除效果较好,去除率为92.2%～98.7%,装填20cm土壤的表层进水生物滞留池较装填15cm土壤的生物滞留池出水污染物浓度低。装填20cm土壤的表层进水和侧向进水的生物滞留池对COD、TN和TP的去除能力总体相当,表层进水和侧向进水的生物滞留池对COD的去除率分别为91.7%、90.4%,对TN的去除率分别为93.8%、86.5%,对TP的去除率分别为70.1%和72.7%。     

A panel study on the relationship between biofuels production and sustainable development

Biomass is one of the renewable energy sources on which policy makers are greatly dependent on since it is a flexible feedstock capable of conversion into electricity, transport liquid fuels and heat by chemical and biological processes on demand. Though numerous publications have examined the relationship of economic growth with renewable energy and other parameters, biomass energy has never been included in these studies. Then, this study examines the causal relationship within a multivariate panel cointegration/error correction framework which combines the cross-section and time series data while allowing for heterogeneity across different provinces. After employing panel data regression model ranging from 2003 through 2012 to examine the relationships of biofuels production with sustainable development in China, the paper concludes that the development of biofuel energy production integrated with the consideration of the improvement of income per capita, and the attraction of more capital investment, does make a significant contribution to economic growth. However, some negative side effects including the increase of greenhouse emissions and the decrease of marginal land still coexist with the economic development. Of course, the importance of these findings lies on their implications and their adoption on strategic policies.     

夏季太湖蓝藻水华暴发与臭氧污染的关联性

夏季受东南季风、湖流等因素影响,太湖蓝藻向西北部水域集聚,该区域平均藻密度可高达1×109个/L以上,其中蓝藻集中堆积的近湖岸区域藻类密度更高,蓝藻在不同生命阶段释放的藻源性VOCs的成分谱和产生量有较大差异,其中烯烃和有机胺反应活性较强。蓝藻水华高发期太湖西岸非甲烷总烃的浓度约为常州市区的3.3倍,日变化趋势符合蓝藻代谢规律。太湖西部蓝藻水华、湖西区的非甲烷总烃浓度和臭氧污染程度时空变化规律表明:太湖西部(宜兴)是整个流域臭氧污染最严重的区域,其臭氧污染的形成与太湖蓝藻水华暴发有关联性。     

微波协同活性炭处理偶氮染料废水的研究

以粉末活性炭为催化剂,采用微波协同活性炭工艺,对偶氮染料(酸性芷青GGR和酸性嫩黄G)废水进行处理。考察了活性炭用量、微波功率、辐射时间、偶氮染料初始浓度对2种偶氮染料去除率的影响。实验结果表明,酸性芷青GGR初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为12.5g/L、微波辐射时间为10min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性芷青GGR的去除率可达90.28%;酸性嫩黄G初始质量浓度为100mg/L、活性炭用量为10.0g/L、微波辐射时间为8min、微波功率为500W条件下,酸性嫩黄G的去除率可达95.87%;微波协同活性炭处理2种偶氮染料的反应均呈现一级反应动力学特征。     

饮食业油烟道火灾的模糊事件树分析

对饮食业油烟道火灾事故进行事件树分析时,历史数据的缺乏常常导致无法进行事件序列的定量计算.针对这一问题,利用专家对事故的模糊评判,引入模糊事件树进行定量计算研究.在模糊集理论的基础上,结合德尔菲法和判断矩阵法, 将模糊性语言转换为三角模糊数或梯形模糊数,应用模糊数截集以及模糊数清晰化方法,对后果事件发生概率进行计算.研究表明,饮食业油烟道火灾事故概率的模糊事件树分析是切实可行的,有助对饮食业油烟道火灾的认识、预防和扑救工作.     

基于能源-环境情景模拟的北京市大气污染对居民健康风险评价研究

保护居民健康是北京市能源系统优化管理和大气污染治理的重要目标.本研究基于北京市的社会经济发展目标并结合相关节能减排和环保要求,针对全市2010-2020年间的能源消费分别设计了高、中、低3种约束情景,通过LEAP模型预测了全市至2020年的能源消费量与S02、NOx、PM10和PM2.5等4种主要大气污染物的排放强度,并采用泊松回归模型对3种情景下主城区居民受环境空气中这4种大气污染物的暴露危害所导致的健康风险进行了评估.结果显示:相对低约束情景,高约束情景至2020年可避免与S02、NOx、PM10和PM2.5污染相关的死亡危害分别为2663、6359、4720和4104人·a-1,而且在高约束情景下煤炭消费比重每下降1％,可相应地避免约1400人·a-1的污染急性死亡.由此建议北京市实施更加严格的节能和减排措施,严控煤炭消费总量,进一步优化能源结构,最大程度地降低能源消费导致的大气污染所产生的居民健康风险.     

新型ISTD反应器处理污水处理厂污泥的试验研究

针对传统的污泥处理方法存在消化时间长、投资及运行费用高、运行管理较复杂等问题,开发了污泥同时浓缩与消化——新型ISTD反应器,并对城市污水厂剩余污泥进行试验研究。试验结果表明:在30³5℃,COD有机负荷0.65 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间5 d的条件下,有机物分解率为53.88%,排泥含水率为91.91%,出水SS平均为612 mg/L。     

呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市分析

本文通过对呼和浩特市创建国家环保模范城市面临的困难、采取的措施以及取得的效果进行分析,对北方地区创建国家环保模范城市提供借鉴.     

基于环境一号卫星多光谱影像数据的三湖一库富营养化状态评价

环境一号卫星是我国2008年自主发射的环境与灾害监测小卫星,其2d的时间分辨率使其成为环境变化监测的重要数据源.根据实测的太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库的水面光谱信息以及水质参数,构建基于环境一号卫星多光谱数据的富营养化评价模型,对太湖、巢湖、滇池和三峡水库2009年水体营养状况进行了评价分析.研究结果表明:利用环境一号卫...     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.