珠三角城市群典型城市土壤邻苯二甲酸酯污染特征

选择了经济相对发达的珠江三角洲城市群中的典型中小城市的菜园和果园表层土壤(0～20 cm)进行调查取样,采用气相色谱法,对土壤样品中的16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)进行了测定,分析了其分布特征,并初步探讨了本区域的PAEs的污染控制问题.结果表明:在珠三角城市中,东莞土壤的PAEs含量最高,各地土壤中的PAEs均值高低顺序依次为东莞＞深圳(珠海)＞中山(惠州);菜园土壤中的平均PAEs含量比果园高37%左右;从珠三角城市菜地和果园的平均PAEs分布来看,东莞和深圳的菜地PAEs明显高于果园;珠海、中山和惠州菜地的平均PAEs与果园基本持平.16种PAEs类化合物在珠江三角洲不同城市的分布的差异非常大,不同城市所受到的主要PAEs化合物污染的种类不同;与美国土壤PAEs控制标准相比,珠三角城市果园和菜地土壤的PAEs主要为DEP和DnBP超标,这两类PAEs化合物应该成为重点的污染控制对象.     

Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Plastics Molded from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Modified Soy Protein Isolates

Soybean protein is a potential material for manufacturing of biodegradable plastics. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of plastics made from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy proteins. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from defatted soy flour, modified with various concentrations of SDS, and then molded into plastics. The temperatures of denaturation of the modified soy protein increased at low SDS concentration and then decreased at high SDS concentration. At the same SDS concentration, the plastics molded from the modified soy proteins showed a similar temperature of denaturation, but a lower enthalpy of denaturation compared to the modified soy protein. Young's modulus of the plastics decreased as SDS concentration increased, and the tensile strength and strain at break of the plastics reached a maximum value at 1% SDS modification. Two glass transition temperatures were identified corresponding to the 7S and 11S globulins in SPI by dynamic mechanical analysis, and they decreased as SDS concentration increased. The SDS modification increased the water absorption of the plastics.     

一株内生真菌单独及与水稻联合降解菲的研究

对一株植物内生真菌拟茎点霉(编号B3)单独降解菲的条件及与水稻联合降解菲进行了研究.结果表明,乳糖和蛋白胨浓度均为10g/L、愈创木酚作为诱导物时,B3菌株10d内对初始浓度为100mg/L菲降解率达52.54%.该菌对菲的降解与菌丝生物量、胞外木质素降解酶类无明显关系,其分泌的漆酶作用底物表现出一定的特殊性.B3菌株与其共生植物水稻联合培养有利于对菲的降解,30d后菲残留浓度仅为无菌对照组的8.40%.水稻感染内生真菌B3后对菲胁迫表现出一定的缓解作用.     

固定化反胶团漆酶及其在修复土壤DDT污染中的应用

采用吸附法将反胶团漆酶吸附在表面改性后的硅藻土上,制备固定化反胶团漆酶.探讨了反胶团漆酶固定化的影响因素及其部分酶学特性,并对其在修复土壤DDT污染中的应用进行了研究.反胶团漆酶固定化的最佳温度是35 ℃,载体硅藻土的改性剂Tween-80的加入量为硅藻土质量的15%.固定化反胶团漆酶的最适作用温度为35 ℃,最适作用pH为3.5~5.0;与游离漆酶相比,固定化反胶团漆酶的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性都显著提高.采用游离漆酶和固定化反胶团漆酶修复DDT污染土壤,游离漆酶处理中DDT总量(DDTs)的降解率为50.53%,而固定化反胶团漆酶处理中DDTs的降解率高达69.17%.固定化反胶团漆酶处理较游离漆酶处理的DDTs降解率提高了近20%.     

塑料废弃物污染的综合治理研究进展

近年来,随着经济的发展,废旧塑料大幅增加,塑料废弃物所造成污染已经成为了破坏环境的主要因素之一.塑料废弃物污染即所谓的白色污染,主要是由废旧塑料高分子的不可降解性和添加剂的毒害性引起的.文章在对白色污染产生的背景及其污染危害的基础上,讨论了治理白色污染的治理的两个方面,一方面对可降解塑料和对废旧塑料的回收再生两个主要的技术研究开发方向进行了综述和展望,详细介绍了光降解塑料、光-生物双降解塑料和生物降解塑料的研发进展,并对填埋、焚烧和再生三种塑料废弃物的处理方法进行了详细的分析;另一方面就立足循环经济理论,加强政策法规的运用,同时加强宣传教育等方面的问题进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策.     

Assessing Impact of Urbanization on River Water Quality In The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is one of the most developed regions in China. It has been undergoing a rapid urbanization since the reformation and opening of China in 1978. This process plays a significant impact on the urban environment, particularly river water quality. The main goal of this present study is to assess the impact of urban activities especially urbanization on river water quality for the study area. Some Landsat TM images from 2000 were used to map the areas for different pollution levels of urban river sections for the study area. In addition, an improved equalized synthetic pollution index method was utilized to assess the field analytical results. The results indicate that there is a positive correlation between the rapidity of urbanization and the pollution levels of urban river water. Compared to the rural river water, urban river water was polluted more seriously. During the urban development process, urbanization and urban activities had a significant negative impact on the river water quality.     

环氧丙烷生产废液中1,2 -二氯丙烷的回收

介绍了从环氧丙烷生产废液中回收1,2-二氯丙烷的新方法。采用常压精馏、减压精馏、共沸精馏工艺分离环氧丙烷生产废液中的1,2-二氯丙烷。实验结果显示,共沸精馏工艺的效果最好;在含有一定量的共沸剂、釜温100℃、顶温86℃、回流比为1的条件下,塔顶馏分中1,2-二氯丙烷的质量分数可达到98％以上,1,2-二氯丙烷的回收率可达到97％以上。     

EDTAD-modified cassava stalks loaded with Fe3O4: highly efficient removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a novel magnetic cassava stalk composite (M-EMCS) was prepared through modification with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAD)...     

清洁生产在开发区项目准入中的实例研究

本文根据区域清洁生产特点,结合佛山禅城高新技术开发区环境影响评价过程,探讨开发区层面上实施清洁生产战略在项目准入中的可行性,并进行实例应用研究.