北塘排污河天津中心城区段恶臭污染调查与分析研究

为研究天津市中心城区北塘排污河恶臭污染特征,沿北塘排污河布设5个采样点位,分别在夏、秋、冬三季进行了系统采样.北塘排污河夏、秋、冬三季总检出浓度为23.842 5 mg/m^3,夏季（9.273 1mg/m^3）＞冬季（8.388 4 mg/m^3）＞秋季（6.181 0 mg/m^3）,靖江桥和兵营桥两个点位受赵沽里泵站出水水质的影响较大,对周围的恶臭污染程度更为严重.北塘排污河污染物质总检出浓度组成特征：无机气体＞含氧烃＞烷烃＞芳香烃＞卤代烃＞烯烃＞硫化物,共检出物质67种,检出率大于70％的污染物共30种,广泛存在的物质为11种,主要恶臭污染物为少量的含氧烃、无机气体和硫化物,乙醛、丙酮、硫化氢和甲硫醇为北塘排污河主要恶臭污染物.     

水泥粉磨站竣工环保验收监测中问题探讨

以水泥粉磨站为例,探讨了建设项目竣工环保验收监测中现场勘察和调研、工况监控、监测时段选择、监测点位布设、数据处理、公众意见调查、环境管理检查中常见问题及解决方法,可作为同类型建设项目竣工环保验收监测工作的技术参考。     

Ti02光催化剂的掺杂改性和固定化研究

纳米TiO2作为光催化剂,由于其化学性质稳定、无毒、价廉等优点,使得纳米TiO2光催化氧化技术在环境领域具有广阔的应用前景,而针对其对可见光利用率低,光生电子一空穴对易复合,在使用过程中回收难,光催化效率不高等问题,近年来科研人员致力于Ti02光催化剂的改性和固定化研究。本文介绍了掺杂改性的不同方法及负载技术的研究进展,其中包括贵金属沉积、金属离子掺杂、非金属掺杂、共掺杂、表面光敏化、复合半导体等,并提出了TiO2光催化剂今后的研究方向及存在的问题。     

基于改进DRASTIC模型评价拉林河流域地下水脆弱性研究

以拉林河流域作为研究区,结合研究区实际条件对传统DRASTIC模型进行改进,利用层次分析法获得各指标的权重值,并应用ARCGIS的空间分析技术获取研究区地下水脆弱性分区,同时根据单参数敏感性分析方法对评价结果进行验证.结果表明,流域地下水以中等脆弱性和较高脆弱性为主,约占流域面积的85%.在选取的六个评价指标中,土地利用类型、地下水位埋深以及地形坡度这三个指标对流域地下水脆弱性影响最大.研究结果为拉林河流域地下水资源管理和污染防治提供理论依据.     

采用神经网络半主动模糊控制系统提高桥梁结构的安全性

研究了桥梁结构的半主动控制对提高桥梁结构安全性的作用 ,在算法上采用基于神经网络的模糊控制 ,不需要建立精确的分析模型 ,计算较为简便 ,避免了多参量建立的模糊关系方程的求解困难。数值结果表明 ,笔者提出的半主动控制系统对减小结构的地震响应是有效的     

劳动争议仲裁管辖探析

劳动争议发生后,需要向劳动争议仲裁委员会申请仲裁的,究竟应向哪一级、哪一个劳动仲裁委员会申请仲裁;各级争议仲裁委员会、同级仲裁委员会处理劳动争议案件的分工和权限如何确定,这就涉及到劳动争议仲裁管辖的问题.     

Impacts of climate change on water resources in the Yellow River basin and identification of global adaptation strategies

Climate change is a global environmental issue, which is challenging water resources management and practices. This study investigates the impact of climate change on water resources of the Yellow River basin, a major grain-producing area in China, and provides recommendations on strategies to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in the basin region. Results show that the recorded stream flows of the Yellow River declined from 1951 to 2010 and have decreased significantly in the middle and lower reaches. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model performs well as a tool to simulate monthly discharge of both the tributary catchments and the whole Yellow River basin. Temperature across the Yellow River basin over 2021–2050 is expected to continue to rise with an average rates of approximately 0.039–0.056 °C/annum. The average annual precipitation in the basin is projected to increase by 1.28–3.29 % compared with the 1991–2010 baseline. Runoff during 2021–2050 is projected to decrease by 0.53–9.67 % relative to 1991–2010 with high decadal and spatial variability. This is likely due to the model’s projections of a significant rise in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns. Climate change will likely aggravate the severity and frequency of both water shortages and flooding in the basin region. It is therefore essential to devote sufficient attention on structural and non-structural measures for the Yellow River basin to cope with climate change. At the global level, strategies to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience to climate change focus on public education to improve awareness of climate risks, implementing the integrated water resources management and planning based on impact assessments.     

A+OSA污泥减量工艺的微生态特性

采用16S rDNA序列与PCR-DGGE(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis)分析技术相结合的方法,研究了A+OSA(the anoxic+oxic-settling-anaerobic)污泥减量工艺在不同工况下的减量效果及其微生态特性。结果显示,在自然条件下,A+OSA工艺可有效减少剩余污泥27%左右。分子生物研究表明,解耦联池的插入可以明显改变系统微生物的群落结构,且随着解耦联池水力停留时间的延长,系统中部分微生物被"淘洗",微生物丰富度和多样性指数均有所降低。相似性分析表明,参照系统和A+OSA工艺分属于2个不同的集群,但在A+OSA工艺内部各反应池样品间具有较高的相似性,且各反应池在HRT为5.16 h和7.14 h时,表现为显著相似。通过上述研究可为该工艺优化及调控提供理论指导。     

Available Water Supplies in Beijing,China, Under Single‐ and Multi‐Year Drought

Since its implementation in 2015, the Middle Route of the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project (MR‐SNWDP) has transferred an average of 45 billion cubic meters of surface water per year from the Yangtze River in southern China to the Yellow River and Hai River Basin in northern China, but how that supply is able to cope with droughts under different scenarios has not been explored. In this study, using the water demand for 2020 as the guaranteed water target, a Water Evaluation and Planning system was used to simulate available water supplies in Beijing under different drought scenarios. In the case of a single‐year drought, without the MR‐SNWDP, Beijing’s water shortage ratio was 16.7%; with the MR‐SNWDP, this ratio reduced to 7.3%. In the case of a multi‐year drought, without the MR‐SNWDP, Beijing’s water shortage ratio was 25.3%; with the MR‐SNWDP, this ratio reduced to 7.4% and domestic water supply was improved. Our research suggests that to prepare for multi‐year drought in the Beijing area, the SNWDP supports increased supplies to the region that would mitigate drought effects. This study is, however, mostly focused on water supply provision to Beijing and does not comprehensively evaluate other potential impacts. Multiple additional avenues could be pursued that include replenishing groundwater, increasing reservoir storage, and water conservation methods. Further research is needed to explore the relative costs and benefits of these approaches.     

Total phosphorus accident pollution and emergency response study based on geographic information system in Three Gorges Reservoir area

• A new algorithm of two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model was built. • The migration and diffusion of TP was simulated. • The emergency measures for sudden water pollution accidents was proposed. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents in China’s rivers have become more frequent, resulting in considerable effects on environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and predict pollution accidents. Simulation and prediction provide strong support for emergency disposal and disaster reduction. This paper describes a new two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model that incorporates a digital elevation model into the geographic information system. The model is used to simulate sudden water pollution accidents in the main stream of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sectional velocity distribution and concentration change of total phosphorus are then analyzed under four hydrological situations. The results show that the proposed model accurately simulates and predicts the concentration change and migration process of total phosphorus under sudden water pollution accidents. The speed of migration and diffusion of pollutants is found to be greatest in the flood season, followed by the water storage period, drawdown season, and dry season, in that order. The selection of an appropriate water scheduling scheme can reduce the peak concentration of river pollutants. This study enables the impact of pollutants on the ecological environment of river water to be alleviated, and provides a scientific basis for the emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.