International mechanism for loss and damage from climate change: recommendations for related work in China

Loss and damage (L&D) from climate change has threatened the sustainable development of humankind, while the progress of mitigative and adaptive measures carried out under the international multilateral framework has been slow. The scientific community and policymakers have placed increasing emphasis on the international L&D response mechanism as a potential direct solution. This paper reviewed the origins of such a mechanism, with an in-depth analysis of the related connotations. A review of the existing situation in China on work related to L&D arising from climate change was conducted, followed by a summary of the findings. Finally, measures and recommendations to improve China’s efforts were proposed in this issue.     

Effects of penconazole enantiomers exposure on hormonal disruption in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - PEN is a widely used triazole fungicide, usually used to control grape white rot. In the process of agricultural use, PEN will be scattered to the...     

Revealing photon transmission in an ultraviolet reactor: Advanced approaches for measuring fluence rate distribution in water for model validation

Fluence rate (FR) distribution (optical field) is of great significance in the optimal design of ultraviolet (UV) reactors for disinfection or oxidation processes in water treatment. Since the 1970s, various simulation models have been developed, which can be combined with computational fluidic dynamic software to calculate the fluence delivered in a UV reactor. These models strive for experimental validation and further improvement, which is a major challenge for UV technology in water treatment. Herein, a review of the simulation models of the FR distribution in a UV reactor and the applications of the current main experimental measurement approaches including conventional flat-type UV detector, spherical actinometer, and micro-fluorescent silica detector (MFSD), is presented. Moreover, FR distributions in a UV reactor are compared between various simulation models and MFSD measurements. In addition, the main influential factors on the FR distribution, including inner-wall reflection, refraction and shadowing effects of adjacent lamps, and turbidity effect are discussed, which is helpful for improving the accuracy of the simulation models and avoiding dark regions in the reactor design. This paper provides an overview on the simulation models and measurement approaches for the FR distribution, which is helpful for the model selection in fluence calculations and gives high confidence on the optimal design of UV reactors in regard to present methods.     

关于可持续发展本质和实效的思考——兼论有中国特色的可持续发展模式

本文认为可持续发展基本上是一种发展理念、一种哲学思想 ,而不是一种统一的、具体的发展模式 ,在分析了可持续发展的本质和实效以后 ,指出 :对中国来说 ,可持续发展意味着把政府提出的各项政策、战略贯彻好 ,把这种思想贯彻到方方面面的工作中去     

二氧化氯-氯联合用于饮用水消毒的研究进展

使用单一的氯或者二氧化氯消毒剂都有一定的局限性,二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺是近年来消毒工艺研究的新方向,本文主要对二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺的特点和控制因素进行阐述。实验结果表明,二氧化氯-氯联合消毒工艺不仅能够有效地去除水样中的大肠杆菌以及其他细菌,而且联合消毒工艺能够减少消毒副产物的生成,并且有比较强的持续消毒能力。联合消毒工艺受投加比例的影响比较大,因为二氧化氯的浓度过高,衰减也相应增加,并且所产生的ClO2^-量也随之增加;而当液氯的浓度过高时,对应所产生的消毒副产物也随之增加。投加比例一般在ClO2：Cl2=1：3到1：6之间。     

Environmental pollution by persistent toxic substances and health risk in an industrial area of China

Soil is an important environmental medium that is closely associated with humans and their health. Despite this, very few studies have measured toxicants in soils, and associated them with health risks in humans. An assessment of health effects from exposure to contaminants in soils surrounding industrial areas of chemical production and storage is important. This article aims at determining pollution characteristics of persistent toxic substances (PTS) in an industrial area in China to unravel the relationship between soil pollution by PTS and human health. One hundred and five soil samples were collected and 742 questionnaires were handed out to residents living in and around an industrial area around Bohai Bay, Tianjin in Northern China. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in soil. Mann-Whitney U and binary multivariate nonconditional logistic regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between health indicators of local residents and contaminant levels. Odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for health incidences were also calculated. The average concentrations of DDT (73.9 ng/g), HCH (654 ng/g) and PAHs (1225 ng/g) were relatively high in the industrial area. Residents living in the chemical industry parks were exposed to a higher levels of PTS than those living outside the chemical industry parks. This exposure was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.12–30.06), stomach cancer (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.26– 13.41), dermatitis (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.80), gastroenteritis (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.94–2.68), and pneumonia (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.58–1.89).     

巢湖流域非点源污染研究综述

巢湖,是中国五大淡水湖之一,其生态环境安全问题十分突出。随着流域内工业废水和城市污水等点源污染改善的同时,来自农业活动及土地利用的非点源污染成为巢湖水环境污染、湖泊富营养化的重要影响因素。根据文献总结了近20年来巢湖流域非点源污染方面的研究现状,包括污染物、农业与非点源污染、土地利用与非点源污染、非点源控制研究4个方面,在此基础上进一步探讨巢湖流域非点源污染研究中存在的主要问题,并对流域非点源污染研究进行展望。     

The key role of hydrophobicity in the determination of pharmaceuticals by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry under the interference of natural organic matter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The determination of trace-level pharmaceuticals in water is generally performed using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, which is...     

Recent advances in pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the surface water and sediments in China

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been regarded as an emerging problem in the surface water environment in the past few decades. In China, although related studies were initiated several years ago, an increasing number of studies on this topic have been conducted in recent years. These studies have expanded knowledge of their occurrence, behavior and associated risk in the surface water environment in China. This review compiles the most recent literature related to the studies of PPCPs in the surface water environment in China. It includes PPCP occurrence in surface water and sediments, their geographical distribution, and outcomes of the associated risk assessment. It shows that antibiotics have received much more attention in both surface water and sediments than other PPCPs. Compared to other countries; most antibiotics in the collected sediments in China showed higher contamination levels. Many more study areas have been covered in recent years; however, attention has been given to only specific areas. Environmental risk assessment based on risk quotients indicated that sulfamethoxazole presents the most significant environmental risk to relevant aquatic organisms; followed by ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, 17α-ethynylestradiol, ibuprofen and diclofenac. Despite limited research on the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs in sediments, higher risks posed by PPCPs in the sediments rather than surface water were identified highlighting the need for further risk assessment of PPCPs in sediment samples.

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