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排序方式: 共有214条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
31.
Tasneem Gul Kazi Sadaf Sadia Arain Hassan Imran Afridi Naeemullah Kapil Dev Brahman Nida Fatima Kolachi Moina Akhtar Mughal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):5199-5208
The extent to which smokeless tobacco endangers human health is an ongoing subject of debate. In this study, concentrations of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni), were measured in different snuff products (dry brown and black and moist green and brown), available and consumed in Pakistan. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Ni were determined in 23 samples of various brands of snuff by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The reliability of methodology was assured by analyzing certified reference material. The resulted data of toxic metals in different snuff products are comparable to the existing information with limited exceptions. It was estimated that 10 g intake of different types of snuff could contribute 14–68, 17–47, and 20–73 % of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for Cd, Ni, and Pb, respectively. 相似文献
32.
Differences in nitrous oxide fluxes from red soil under different land uses in mid-subtropical China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shan LinJaved Iqbal Ronggui Hu Leilei RuanJinshui Wu Jinsong ZhaoPengju Wang 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2012,146(1):168-178
Red soil may play an important role in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions due to its recent land use change pattern. To predict the land use change effect on N2O emissions, we examined the relationship between soil N2O flux and environmental determinants in four different types of land uses in subtropical red soil. During two years of study (January 2005-January 2007), biweekly N2O fluxes were measured from 09:00 to 11:00 a.m. using static closed chamber method. Objectives were to estimate the seasonal and annual N2O flux differences from land use change and, reveal the controlling factors of soil N2O emission by studying the relationship of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), water filled pore space (WFPS) and soil temperature with soil N2O flux. Nitrous oxide fluxes were significantly higher in hot-humid season than in the cool-dry season. Significant differences in soil N2O fluxes were observed among four land uses; 2.9, 1.9 and 1.7 times increased N2O emissions were observed after conventional land use conversion from woodland to paddy, orchard and upland, respectively. The mean annual budgets of N2O emission were 0.71-2.21 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 from four land use types. The differences were partly attributed to increased fertilizer use in agriculture land uses. In all land uses, N2O fluxes were positively related to soil temperature and DOC accounting for 22-48% and 30-46% of the seasonal N2O flux variability, respectively. Nitrous oxide fluxes did significantly correlate with WFPS in orchard and upland only. Nitrous oxide fluxes responded positively to MBC in all land use types except orchard which had the lowest WFPS. We conclude that (1) land use conversion from woodland to agriculture land uses leads to increased soil N2O fluxes, partly due increased fertilizer use, and (2) irrespective of land use, soil N2O fluxes are under environmental controls, the main variables being soil temperature and DOC, both of which control the supply of nitrification and denitrification substrates. 相似文献
33.
Malik Summaira Iqbal Asim Imran Asma Usman Muhammad Nadeem Muhammad Asif Saira Bokhari Awais 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34017-34026
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The utilization of economic capabilities to raise production in the economy enhances the industrial activities and use of transportation. These... 相似文献
34.
Zhang Yaming Abbas Majed Koura Yaya Hamadou Su Yanyuan Iqbal Wasim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(6):6913-6928
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As a major source of pollution and the cause of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions are attracting the attention of scholars, policymakers, and... 相似文献
35.
Chang Lei Mohsin Muhammad Iqbal Wasim 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(9):22145-22158
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examines China’s budgetary policy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of China’s insufficient ability to deal with a new... 相似文献
36.
Shanwei Ma Hang Li Guan Zhang Tahir Iqbal Kai Li Qiang Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(2):25
37.
A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay was standardized for aflatoxin B1 determination in poultry feed and its components using Riedel-de-Haen, ELISA Systems. A microtitration plate method was optimized using anti-aflatoxin B1 antibodies and peroxidase – aflatoxin B1 conjugate, based on competitive enzyme immunoassay principle. Standards of concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500?ng/L aflatoxin B1, prepared in phosphate-buffered saline, were used. Standard curves showed that as the concentration of antigen decreased, absorbance values increased. Fifty percent inhibition was observed at 37?ng/L. Regression analysis showed that log concentration was inversely related to %B/B0, with a highly significant negative correlation (?0.980). The lowest detection limit for aflatoxin B1 was 5?ng/L. Using this standardized ELISA, aflatoxin B1 was detected in most of the commercially available poultry feed samples and their components. The data suggest that this test is suitable for the accurate determination of aflatoxin B1 concentrations in poultry feed and its components. 相似文献
38.
Arshi A Ahmad A Aref IM Iqbal M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(6):939-944
This study assesses the effect of NaCl (80 and 160 mM) and CaCl2 (10 mM) solutions, alone and in combination, to 30-day-old seedlings of Cichorium intybus L. Observations were made at 30 day intervals from the time of treatment till harvest (180 days after sowing). Application of NaCI resulted in significant decreases in lengths of root and stem, in dry weights of root, stem and leaves and in the leaf area, as compared with control. The reduction was less with the combined application of NaCI and CaCI2 than with the NaCI treatment alone. On the contrary treatment of CaCl2, alone promoted the above variables. Proline content in the leaves was enhanced with NaCl and CaCI, alone as well as with the NaCI + CaCI2 treatments; the maximum (six-fold) enhancement was observed with the combined treatments, compared with NaCl (four-fold increase) and CaCl2 (two-fold increase) alone. The sodium (Na+) and Chloride (CI) contents in different plant parts increased both with NaCI and with NaCI+ CaCI2 treatments. The maximum accumulation was observed in leaves, followed by that in stem and root. The potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) contents decreased under NaCl stress, but increased with CaCI2 treatment. Thus, calcium ameliorated the deleterious effects of NaCI stress and stimulated the plant metabolism and growth. 相似文献
39.
Mohammad Muhshin Aziz Khan Zaheed Ibne Halim Mohammad Iqbal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):327-341
Case-study research was carried out with a view to find the attributes of occupational injury among workers in the chemical industry and to enhance safety issues. Injury data were collected and processed in terms of different variables, such as age, gender, skills, type of hazard, etc. Pareto analysis was then applied to find a pattern of occupational injury among the workers. The study revealed that 79.52% of the injured workers were in the 40–59 age group; 57.14% of accidents occurred during the 1st shift; 73.26% of accidents caused injury to hands, feet, chest to thigh, arms and eyes; and 70.93% of injuries were caused by pumps, carrying and lifting, vehicles, pipelines, valves, and grinding. Surprisingly, no one was injured in the group of temporary workers. The paper also provides specific suggestions followed by some action plans. 相似文献
40.
Mohammad Aslam Khan S. Akhtar Ali Shah 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(5):493-509
There is evidence of continued food insecurity and malnutrition in Pakistan despite significant progress made in terms of
food production in recent years. According to “Vision 2030” of the Planning Commission of Pakistan, about half of the population
in the country suffers from absolute to moderate malnutrition, with the most vulnerable being children, women, and elderly
among the lowest income group. The Government of Pakistan has been taking a series of policy initiatives and strategic measures
to combat food insecurity issues. These range from increasing production to food imports, implementation of poverty reduction
strategies, nutritional improvement programs, as well as provision of social safety nets. The article aims to instill some
fresh thinking into the debate regarding the challenges of food security. It underscores the limitations of hitherto policy
response, and suggests crucial measures to improve the present grim scenario. Policy makers, planners, practitioners, and
academicians in countries with comparable socio-political and economic setup can view this discussion as a case study and
may apply the findings in their domain accordingly. 相似文献