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161.
Ciniglia C Sansone C Panzella L Napolitano A d'Ischia M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(8):3299-3306
INTRODUCTION: The reuse of wastewaters for agricultural purposes is a common practice in many countries and is increasingly recommended by organizations that promote sustainable development. Yet, it is restricted by the potential negative impact of these materials on soil and crops. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the environmental impact of walnut husk washing waters (WHWW) and their organic fractions, in order to conceive their agricultural exploitation. DISCUSSION: Phytotoxicity tests and morphological investigations on representative plant species of horticultural interest indicated that WHWW and their organic fractions can elicit a concentration-dependent stimulating effect on the growth of radish, lettuce cv. cavolo Napoli with effects up to 165 %. An opposite inhibitory effect up to 70 % was observed on spinach and lettuce cv. Gentilina. Proapoptotic effects were observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay in the species inhibited by WHWW treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the WHWW revealed the presence of a main component which was extracted selectively in organic solvents and purified by preparative chromatography. Complete spectral analysis allowed identification as 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone, commonly known as regiolone. Regiolone exhibited the same concentration-dependent activity on root elongation with a stimulation in the case of radish up to 135 % with respect to control. These results open perspectives in the exploitation of WHWW and the main phenolic constituent readily available by a straightforward isolation procedure as a natural fertilizer for specific crops. 相似文献
162.
Chiara Losso Alessandra Arizzi Novelli Pier Francesco Ghetti 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(12):3655-3662
Marine and coastal quality assessment, based on test batteries involving a wide array of endpoints, organisms and test matrices, needs for setting up toxicity indices that integrate multiple toxicological measures for decision-making processes and that classify the continuous toxicity response into discrete categories according to the European Water Framework Directive.Two toxicity indices were developed for the lagoon environment such as the Venice Lagoon. Stepwise procedure included: the construction of a database that identified test-matrix pairs (indicators); the selection of a minimum number of ecotoxicological indicators, called toxicological core metrics (CMs-tox) on the basis of specific criteria; the development of toxicity scores for each CM-tox; the integration of the CMs-tox into two indices, the Toxicity Effect Index (TEI), based on the transformation of Toxic Unit (TU) data that were integrated as logarithmic sum, and the Weighted Average Toxicity Index (WATI), starting from toxicity classes integrated as weighted mean. Results from the indices are compared; advantages and drawbacks of both approaches are discussed. 相似文献
163.
The historical floods that have occurred since the seventeenth century were collected for a study area in southern Italy. Damages caused by floods, rainfall and the main anthropogenic modifications are discussed all together. The aim was to assess whether the frequency of floods is changing and, if so, whether these changes can be attributed to either rainfall and/or anthropogenic modifications. In 4?% of cases, mainly occurred in past centuries, floods damaged people. Hydraulic works, roads and private buildings were the more frequently damaged elements (25, 18 and 14?% of the cases, respectively). The annual variability of rainfall was discussed using an annual index. Short duration-high intensity rainfalls were characterized considering time series of annual maxima of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24?h and daily rainfall. The rainfall shows a decreasing trend, in terms of both the annual maximum of short duration and the annual amount. The population has been progressively increasing since the sixteenth century, except during the years following the catastrophic 1908 earthquake. The rate of population growth has been very high since the second half of the twentieth century; the urbanized areas greatly increased, especially following the second half of the twentieth century. At the same time, the trend of damaging floods has been increasing, especially since the seventies. The analysis indicates that, despite a rainfall trend favourable towards a reduction in flood occurrence, floods damage has not decreased. This seems to be mainly the effect of mismanagement of land use modifications. 相似文献
164.
Augusto Screpanti Alessandra De Marco 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1513-1520
Because of climatic reasons and of reduced concentrations of SO2, ground-level ozone (O3) is one of the main air pollutants in Southern Europe. Ozone levels are very high both in rural and urban locations. In the cities, O3 can affect human health and materials. Regarding materials, most relevant is the exposure to pollutants of cultural heritage buildings. In particular, monuments registered on UNESCO's list of the world heritage require special monitoring. In Italy 34% and 97% of the territory is exposed to corrosion risk higher than the tolerable level for limestone and copper, respectively. The tolerable corrosion level for limestone and copper was also exceeded in the central area of Milan. In this area the tolerable O3 concentration for copper was calculated. These concentrations (ranging between 30 and 40 μg/m3) cannot be exceeded at unchanged concentration of other pollutants to maintain corrosion levels below the tolerable ones. 相似文献
165.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) urgently need to be applied in regulatory programs. Many QSAR models can predict the effect of a wide range of substances to different endpoints, particularly in the case of ecotoxicity, but it is difficult to choose the most appropriate model on the basis of the requirements of the application. During the EC-funded project DEMETRA (www.demetra-tox.net) a huge number of QSAR models have been developed for the prediction of different ecotoxicological endpoints. DEMETRA individual models on rainbow trout LC50 after 96 h, water flea LC50 after 48 h and honey bee LD50 after 48 h have been used as a QSAR database to test the advantages of a new index for evaluating model uncertainty. This index takes into consideration the number of outliers (weighted on the total number of compounds) and their root mean square error. Application on the DEMETRA QSAR database indicated that the index can identify the models with the best performance with regard to outliers, and can be used, together with other classical statistical measures (e.g., the squared correlation coefficient), to support the evaluation of QSAR models. 相似文献
166.
Current status and perspectives of accelerated carbonation processes on municipal waste combustion residues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Costa G Baciocchi R Polettini A Pomi R Hills CD Carey PJ 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):55-75
The increasing volumes of municipal solid waste produced worldwide are encouraging the development of processes to reduce
the environmental impact of this waste stream. Combustion technology can facilitate volume reduction of up to 90%, with the
inorganic contaminants being captured in furnace bottom ash, and fly ash/APC residues. The disposal or reuse of these residues
is however governed by the potential release of constituent contaminants into the environment. Accelerated carbonation has
been shown to have a potential for improving the chemical stability and leaching behaviour of both bottom ash and fly ash/APC
residues. However, the efficacy of carbonation depends on whether the method of gas application is direct or indirect. Also
important are the mineralogy, chemistry and physical properties of the fresh ash, the carbonation reaction conditions such
as temperature, contact time, CO2 partial pressure and relative humidity. This paper reviews the main issues pertaining to the application of accelerated carbonation
to municipal waste combustion residues to elucidate the potential benefits on the stabilization of such residues and for reducing
CO2 emissions. In particular, the modification of ash properties that occur upon carbonation and the CO2 sequestration potential possible under different conditions are discussed. Although accelerated carbonation is a developing
technology, it could be introduced in new incinerator facilities as a “finishing step” for both ash treatment and reduction
of CO2 emissions. 相似文献
167.
Mali Matilda Di Leo Antonella Giandomenico Santina Spada Lucia Cardellicchio Nicola Calò Maria Fedele Alessandra Ferraro Luciana Milia Alfonsa Renzi Monia Massara Francesca Granata Tommaso Moruzzi Letizia Buonocunto Francesco Paolo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):62281-62298
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Gulf of Naples located in a high anthropized coastal area is subjected to an infrastructural intervention for the installation of a submarine... 相似文献