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81.
Dispersal attempts can be costly and may often end in failure. Individuals should therefore only disperse when the benefits
of dispersal outweigh the costs. While previous research has focussed on aspects of the individual that may affect dispersal
success, social factors may also influence dispersal outcomes. One way of achieving successful dispersal could be through
cooperative, or coalition dispersal. I investigated this possibility in the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler Turdoides squamiceps. I found that coalition dispersal appears to be an effective strategy to ensure the success of dispersal attempts, with coalitions
more successful than lone individuals at taking over the breeding position in a new group. Lone dispersal was more costly
than coalition dispersal, with lone individuals suffering a greater loss of body mass during dispersal attempts. These results
suggest a substantial short-term benefit for this type of cooperative behaviour. There was no evidence for dispersal polymorphism
in the population, with no detectable phenotypic difference between dispersers and non-dispersers or those that dispersed
as part of a coalition compared with those that dispersed alone. 相似文献
82.
Hipólito Amanda Caretta Talita de Oliveira Silveira Victória Akemi Itakura Bersaneti Gabrielly Terassi Mali Suzana Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3199-3209
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. They have great potential for application in the food industry due... 相似文献
83.
Norberto Asensio Amanda H. Korstjens Filippo Aureli 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(5):649-659
The adjustment to deal with intragroup food competition is probably the most plausible explanation of high levels of fission–fusion
dynamics. However, studies did not always support expected relations between food availability, ranging costs, and subgroup
size. We used several levels of analysis differing in the time and spatial scale in order to investigate this explanation
in spider monkeys. In our study, subgroups were larger when food availability was higher across most levels of analyses used.
We also found a fine-scale adjustment: compared to the food patch previously visited, spider monkeys traveled to larger patches
just after fusions. This was not without an immediate travel cost: the interpatch distance and travel time after a fusion
were longer than that before the fusion. This rapid adjustment shows the flexibility that fission–fusion dynamics can offer.
Spider monkeys are in large subgroups only when food conditions are favorable, as evidenced by the fact that at all the other
time-scale levels larger subgroups did not experience greater ranging costs than smaller subgroups. Our results indicate that
on the whole spider monkeys successfully minimize ranging costs by fission and fusion of subgroups. 相似文献
84.
Hollamby S Afema-Azikuru J Waigo S Cameron K Gandolf AR Norris A Sikarskie JG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,118(1-3):13-20
An animal’s suitability as a biomonitor of environmental change can be determined by biological, reproductive and ecological
characteristics determined at the class, order and species level. The animal’s habitat where the research is to be performed
and the form, function and structure of the environmental change being studied within that habitat also determines suitability.
Non-threatened populations of large, non-migratory, long-lived, seasonally-breeding tertiary avian predators, whose dietary
preferences are narrow and known, can be useful as monitors of environmental chemical contaminants. If chemicals are being
monitored, a quantifiable endpoint effect must be demonstrated in the species, or a similar species under experimental laboratory
conditions. Logistical and economic issues as well as public and regulatory authority acceptance should also be considered
when assessing the suitability of a species as a biomonitor. 相似文献
85.
Arthur Marinho Cahino Elisângela Maria Rodrigues Rocha Iana Chaiene Araújo Vidal Samara Teixeira Pereira Amanda Gondim Cabral Quirino Raqueline Caldas do Nascimento 《环境质量管理》2023,32(3):57-68
The present study sought to objectively demonstrate how a researcher can, in a structured way, select relevant articles about alternative heterogeneous catalysts in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, the ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist) method was used to systematize the results found, with the application bibliometric and systematic analysis techniques for the evaluation of the results. The search string adopted as criteria was: solar photocatalysis AND heterogeneous catalysts OR alternative catalysts AND effluents. The databases were Web of Science, Science Direct and Scopus. The final bibliographic portfolio obtained for the research theme was made up of 19 articles. It was possible to verify advances in the number of publications on the theme over the evaluated period, with the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry standing out in the final portfolio. Evaluating each article in the portfolio individually, it was possible to verify that most studies use combinations of catalysts already reported to create an alternative material to those already investigated in the literature. Those that use waste as catalysts chose to source this material from treatment plants and the steel industry. Around 58% of the papers used hydrogen peroxide in their processes, while 42% chose not to use it. Finally, approximately 63% of the papers in the portfolio used synthetic effluent in their processes, while the rest (37% of the research) chose to use real effluent. The results obtained in this research by applying the method can contribute to studies related to heterogeneous photocatalysis by alternative means over the years. 相似文献
86.
Paul Favara Dick Raymond Matthew Ambrusch Arianna Libera Gerlinde Wolf John A. Simon Barbara Maco Elizabeth R. Collins Melissa A. Harclerode Amanda D. McNally Reanne Ridsdale Maile Smith Lyndsey Howard 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2019,29(4):5-30
In 2009, the Sustainable Remediation Forum released a white paper entitled “Integrating sustainable principles, practices, and metrics into remediation projects” (Ellis & Hadley, 2009, Remediation, 19, pp. 5–114). Sustainable remediation was a relatively new concept, and the white paper explored a range of approaches on how sustainability could be integrated into traditional remediation projects. This paper revisits the 2009 white paper, providing an overview of the early days of the evolving sustainable remediation practice and an assessment of the progress of sustainable remediation over the last 10 years with a primary focus on the United States. The current state of the sustainable remediation practice includes published literature, current practices and resources, applications, room for improvement, international progress, the virtuous cycle that applying sustainable remediation creates, and the status of the objectives cited in the 2009 white paper. Over the last decade, several sustainable remediation frontiers have emerged that will likely be a focus in advancing the practice. These frontiers include climate change and resiliency, weighting and valuation to help better consolidate different sustainable remediation metrics, programmatic implementation, and better integration of the societal impacts of sustainable remediation. Finally, as was the case for the 2009 white paper, this paper explores how sustainable remediation may evolve over the next 10 years and focuses on the events and drivers that can be significant in the pace of further development of the practice. The events and drivers include transformation impacts, societal influences, and the continued development of new technologies, approaches, and tools by remediation practitioners. The remediation industry has made significant progress in developing the practice of sustainable remediation and has implemented it successfully into hundreds of projects. While progress has been significant, an opportunity exists to implement the tenets of sustainable remediation on many more projects and explore new frontiers to help improve the communication, integration, and derived benefits from implementing sustainable remediation into future remediation projects. 相似文献
87.
Amanda Lys dos Santos Silva Elane Cristina Loureno dos Santos Ana Maria Queijeiro Lpez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10275-10285
All processes in agro-industries consume water and generate large volumes of nutrient-rich effluents. To recycle effluents from a sugar–alcohol industry in the Northeastern Brazil (Coruripe, Alagoas), the effect of a daily application of a microbial formulation (containing five indigenous bacteria and two fungi), at the entrance of the two first facultative ponds (D, E) of its treatment plant formed by seven ponds (A–G), was evaluated in the sugarcane harvests of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Fortnightly, the values of 11 physicochemical parameters were checked and statistically compared (one and two-way ANOVA) in untreated (sedimentation pond A) and post-treated effluent (last facultative pond G), during both harvests. The treated effluent presented statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05), even between harvests, with averages of removal of organic matter of ca. 79.21% and 90.62%, and increases of the dissolved oxygen (DO) of ca. 72% and 74%, as well as the average increase of pH was ca. 42% and 50%. This better quality residue generally satisfied the class III level of the Brazilian Resolution 357/2005 (National Council for the Environment (CONAMA)), for water reuse in sugarcane irrigation on the yellow clay latosol soil, since it still is a light source of organic matter, nitrites and phosphorus, reducing the need of fertilizers for maintaining the productivity with low risk of salinization. According to Pearson’s bivariate correlation coefficient, while the DO and pH have positive correlation, they both have general inverse relation with the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and vice versa. 相似文献
88.
Wildlife corridors aim to promote species’ persistence by connecting habitat patches across fragmented landscapes. Their implementation is limited by patterns of land ownership and complicated by differences in the jurisdictional and regulatory authorities under which lands are managed. Terrestrial corridor conservation requires coordination across jurisdictions and sectors subject to site-specific overlapping sources of legal authority. Mapping spatial patterns of legal authority concurrent with habitat condition can illustrate opportunities to build or leverage capacity for connectivity conservation. Streamside areas provide pragmatic opportunities to leverage existing policy mechanisms for riverine and terrestrial habitat connectivity across boundaries. Conservation planners and practitioners can make use of these opportunities by harmonizing actions for multiple conservation outcomes. We formulated an integrative, data-driven method for mapping multiple sources of legal authority weighted by capacity for coordinating terrestrial habitat conservation along streams. We generated a map of capacity to coordinate streamside corridor protections across a wildlife habitat gap to demonstrate this approach. We combined values representing coordination capacity and naturalness to generate an integrated legal-ecological resistance map for connectivity modeling. We then computed least-cost corridors across the integrated map, masking the terrestrial landscape to focus on streamside areas. Streamside least-cost corridors in the integrated, local-scale model diverged (∼25 km) from national-scale least-cost corridors based on naturalness. Spatial categories comparing legal- and naturalness-based resistance values by stream reach highlighted potential locations for building or leveraging existing capacity through spatial coordination of policy mechanisms or restoration actions. Agencies or nongovernmental organizations intending to restore or maintain habitat connectivity across fragmented landscapes can use this approach to inform spatial prioritization and build coordination capacity. Article impact statement: Combined mapping of legal authority and habitat condition reveals capacity to coordinate actions along streams for clean water and wildlife. 相似文献
89.
Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.13 × 105 year. 99Tc is a major radionuclide contaminant of concern for the world. Therefore, detailed understanding of 99Tc environmental chemistry is important for protecting human and ecological health. Here, we review the aqueous geochemistry of 99Tc, focusing on chemical properties and behavior of 99Tc in the hydrosphere and pedosphere. We describe the general chemistry of Tc including coordination chemistry, isotope chemistry and solid-state chemistry. Then we present anthropogenic and indigenous sources of 99Tc and their environmental distribution. We also discuss the radiotoxicity of 99Tc and the use of 99Tc for medical purpose. Tc biogeochemistry is described through sorption and desorption reactions at the mineral–water interface, thermodynamic of surface complexation, abiotic and biotic redox reaction of Tc(VII). Finally, we summarize the 99Tc remediation technologies including cement waste forms, natural remediation, vitrification, nuclear waste transmutation. 相似文献
90.
A Decision Support Framework for Science-Based, Multi-Stakeholder Deliberation: A Coral Reef Example 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Amanda P. Rehr Mitchell J. Small Patricia Bradley William S. Fisher Ann Vega Kelly Black Tom Stockton 《Environmental management》2012,50(6):1204-1218
We present a decision support framework for science-based assessment and multi-stakeholder deliberation. The framework consists of two parts: a DPSIR (Drivers–Pressures–States–Impacts–Responses) analysis to identify the important causal relationships among anthropogenic environmental stressors, processes, and outcomes; and a Decision Landscape analysis to depict the legal, social, and institutional dimensions of environmental decisions. The Decision Landscape incorporates interactions among government agencies, regulated businesses, non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. It also identifies where scientific information regarding environmental processes is collected and transmitted to improve knowledge about elements of the DPSIR and to improve the scientific basis for decisions. Our application of the decision support framework to coral reef protection and restoration in the Florida Keys focusing on anthropogenic stressors, such as wastewater, proved to be successful and offered several insights. Using information from a management plan, it was possible to capture the current state of the science with a DPSIR analysis as well as important decision options, decision makers and applicable laws with a the Decision Landscape analysis. A structured elicitation of values and beliefs conducted at a coral reef management workshop held in Key West, Florida provided a diversity of opinion and also indicated a prioritization of several environmental stressors affecting coral reef health. The integrated DPSIR/Decision landscape framework for the Florida Keys developed based on the elicited opinion and the DPSIR analysis can be used to inform management decisions, to reveal the role that further scientific information and research might play to populate the framework, and to facilitate better-informed agreement among participants. 相似文献