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Triclosan (TCS) is an anti-microbial agent used in down-the-drain consumer products. Following sewage treatment some of the triclosan will enter receiving waters. This study was designed to determine the die-away rate of triclosan released into a river as part of the sewage treatment plant effluent matrix. The study was conducted in Cibolo Creek, a moderate sized stream (discharge approximately 0.1 m(3)s(-1)) located in South Central Texas. Triclosan was analyzed from samples collected upstream of the sewage treatment plant, the sewage treatment plant effluent, and the river downstream from the effluent discharge. The first-order loss rate of parent triclosan from the water column was calculated from measured data (0.06 h(-1)) and this rate corresponded to a 76% reduction in triclosan over an 8 km river reach below the discharge. Mathematical modeling indicated that sorption and settling accounted for approximately 19% of total triclosan loss over 8 km. When removing sorption and settling, the remaining amount of triclosan had an estimated first-order loss rate of 0.25 h(-1). This loss rate was presumably due to other processes such as biodegradation and photolysis. These data show that loss of parent triclosan from the water column is rapid. Additional data are needed to fully document loss mechanisms. 相似文献
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Armin Kureck 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1992,79(12):533-540
Recently the fauna of the River Rhine (macrozoobenthos) has recovered, but the species composition has changed. Some formerly extinct species have returned, but new species, introduced from other regions, have successfully invaded the stream. These neozoans, mainly bivalves and crustaceans, obviously tolerate the changed conditions and the remaining pollution better than most of the original stream species 相似文献
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Bieser J Aulinger A Matthias V Quante M Denier van der Gon HA 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2935-2946
The vertical allocation of emissions has a major impact on results of Chemistry Transport Models. However, in Europe it is still common to use fixed vertical profiles based on rough estimates to determine the emission height of point sources. This publication introduces a set of new vertical profiles for the use in chemistry transport modeling that were created from hourly gridded emissions calculated by the SMOKE for Europe emission model. SMOKE uses plume rise calculations to determine effective emission heights. Out of more than 40 000 different vertical emission profiles 73 have been chosen by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. These profiles show large differences to those currently used in many emission models. Emissions from combustion processes are released in much lower altitudes while those from production processes are allocated to higher altitudes. The profiles have a high temporal and spatial variability which is not represented by currently used profiles. 相似文献
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Hora RR Ionescu-Hirsh A Simon T Delabie J Robert J Fresneau D Hefetz A 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(1):55-60
In the ectatommine ant Ectatomma tuberculatum, the visual appearance of queens changes after mating and ovarian development in that their cuticle turns from shiny to matte.
In this study, we have shown that this change seems to be caused by 15-fold accumulation of hydrocarbons, in particular heptacosane
that covers the multiple grooves present on the cuticular surface creating a wax coat in mated fully fertile queens. Analyses
of the scrapped wax revealed that it is composed largely of heptacosane. Peak-by-peak comparison of the cuticular hydrocarbon
(CHC) composition of mated, virgin with developed ovaries and virgin with nondeveloped ovaries revealed significant differences
between the queen groups. Although the total amount of the CHC of virgin queens with developed ovaries was not higher than
virgin queens that did not have developed ovaries, the composition showed a shift toward the mated queen. While it is possible
that the large accumulation of hydrocarbons may give extra physical and chemical protection to queens, we propose that the
switch in the relative abundance of heptacosane and nonacosane and perhaps of other components is indicative of being a mating
and fertility cue. This is the first report in social insects where external chemical changes are accompanied by changes in
visual appearance. 相似文献
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Realistic meteorological fields are a prerequisite for the determination of pollutant concentrations and depositions by means
of a chemistry transport model. Different configurations of the 5th generation NCAR/Penn State University mesoscale meteorological
model MM5 were tested to determine the optimum set up for long term hindcasts that cover several months up to years. Four
dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) significantly enhances the spatio temporal representation of temperature, humidity and
wind. Best agreement with radiosonde observations could be achieved when temperature, humidity and wind were grid nudged every
6 h. The quality of the resulting meteorological fields showed no significant systematic temporal or spatial variation over
Europe in a model run of the year 2000. It was found that the hydrological cycle was not correctly reproduced by the model
when no nudging was applied. The relevant model run showed too high relative humidity and too high rainfall when compared
to observations. This led to considerably lower aerosol concentrations close to ground and a shift in the deposition patterns
of particle bound pollutants like the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P).
Guest Editor: Dr. S. T. Rao. 相似文献
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Naghmeh Soltani Behnam Keshavarzi Armin Sorooshian Farid Moore Christina Dunster Ana Oliete Dominguez Frank J. Kelly Prakash Dhakal Mohamad Reza Ahmadi Sina Asadi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):1785-1802
Concentrations of total suspended particulate matter, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), particulate matter <10 μm (PM10), and fallout dust were measured at the Iranian Gol-E-Gohar Mining and Industrial Facility. Samples were characterized in terms of mineralogy, morphology, and oxidative potential. Results show that indoor samples exceeded the 24-h PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration limits (35 and 150 µg m?3, respectively) set by the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Calcite, magnetite, tremolite, pyrite, talc, and clay minerals such as kaolinite, vermiculite, and illite are the major phases of the iron ore PM. Accessory minerals are quartz, dolomite, hematite, actinolite, biotite, albite, nimite, laumontite, diopside, and muscovite. The scanning electron microscope structure of fibrous-elongated minerals revealed individual fibers in the range of 1.5 nm to 71.65 µm in length and 0.2 nm to 3.7 µm in diameter. The presence of minerals related to respiratory diseases, such as talc, crystalline silica, and needle-shaped minerals like amphibole asbestos (tremolite and actinolite), strongly suggests the need for detailed health-based studies in the region. The particulate samples show low to medium oxidative potential per unit of mass, in relation to an urban road side control, being more reactive with ascorbate than with glutathione or urate. However, the PM oxidative potential per volume of air is exceptionally high, confirming that the workers are exposed to a considerable oxidative environment. PM released by iron ore mining and processing activities should be considered a potential health risk to the mine workers and nearby employees, and strategies to combat the issue are suggested. 相似文献