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101.
Veronika Holcová Jan Šíma Keith Edwards Eva Semančíková Jiří Dušek Hana Šantrůčková 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(5):362-367
Retention times of treated water in a constructed wetland (CW) with horizontal subsurface flow were determined both in the vegetative and non-vegetative periods of 2005. Tracer experiments were performed using fluorescein, an organic compound detectable at extremely low concentrations. Nominal and tracer retention times were determined and compared. Winter tracer retention time (TRT 194 h) and nominal retention time (nHRT 190 h) were nearly exactly equal, while summer TRT (335 h) was approximately twofold higher than nHRT (158 h). Residence time distribution function (RTD) was used to compare retention times obtained for the vegetative and non-vegetative periods. The obtained results document a significant influence of dense common reed vegetation on retention characteristics of the studied system. Common reed can convert a significant volume of water from liquid to gas via evapotranspiration (ET) and thus prolong water retention times in the system. This is very important both technically and ecologically. Longer retention times mean a longer time for microbiological decay of wastewater. Water converted from liquid to gas causes cooling of the microclimate, which is very important, especially in intensively cultivated areas with a lack of water. 相似文献
102.
Distribution and availability of potentially toxic metals in soil in central area of Belgrade,Serbia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rabia Ahmed Ghariani Ivan Gržetić Mališa Antić Snežana Nikolić Mandić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(3):261-269
Belgrade, capital city of Serbia, has over 1,600,000 inhabitants and over 400,000 vehicles trafficking every day on its streets.
The investigation of soil pollution was performed by sequential extraction analysis to investigate the availability of potentially
toxic metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, Cr and Mn) under different oxidation and pH conditions. All investigated metals were
mainly extracted from soils with neutral or acidic extractants. Serious pollution was observed along roads and streets with
high traffic frequency, but Pb and Ni pollution was the highest since their concentrations exceed both soil Serbian standard
and Canadian guidance values and is characteristic for all investigated sites. Cd, Cu, Cr and Zn concentrations are moderately
high since they are between Canadian guideline and Serbian standard. 相似文献
103.
Alžbeta Jarošová Jiří Harazim Lenka Krátká Doubravka Kolenčíková 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(4):387-391
Phthalates are animal carcinogens and may cause death or tissue deformities. Samples of feedstuffs collected in 2005 and 2006
from industrial feed manufacturers in the Czech Republic were analysed for contamination with phthalic acid esters (PAEs),
specifically di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). Samples of feed additives, premixes and raw materials were collected (year 2005, n = 26). For soybean oil, the total volume of phthalates measured (DBP + DEHP) reached a level of 131.42 mg kg−1; for rapeseed oil, fish meal and animal fats, the levels measured were 15.00, 7.96 and 58.87 mg kg−1, respectively. The lowest level of DBP + DEHP was found in corn (2.03 mg kg−1). Since phthalates were detected, samples of feed additives (n = 28) and raw materials (n = 28) were collected again in 2006. The highest levels of DBP + DEHP were found in raw materials containing fat. Phthalate
levels in rapeseed oil samples ranged from 1.38 to 32.40 mg kg−1 DBP + DEHP. For feed additives, contamination levels in vitamins and amino acids ranged from 0.06 to 3.15 and 1.76 to 4.52 mg kg−1 DBP + DEHP, respectively. Here, we show that the levels of PAEs found in cereals such as wheat, barley and corn may be regarded
as being alarmingly high, because cereals make up the largest proportion of compound feed of farm animals. 相似文献
104.
Kormaňáková Marcela Remešová Marcela Vančová Terézia 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1348-1364
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The problem of food waste is broadly discussed, but empirical data are still missing. The importance of this topic increases as the reporting of... 相似文献
105.
Vilis Brukas Andrius Kuliešis Ola Sallnäs Edgaras Linkevičius 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(2):77-88
As tensions among diverse forest‐use interests in Lithuania are on the rise, this study examines the actual resource availability, the underlying planning approaches and the pertinent policy arena. Two 5‐year cycles of sampling‐based forest inventory provide accurate data showing that the overall timber harvest/increment ratio (or utilization intensity) is 61%. Utilization intensity is similar in state and private forests. It could potentially be raised to 70‐80%, with due account for environmental values. Such an increase is inhibited by rigid routines of forest management planning, involving inflexible rotation ages and cutting norms. Age‐class analysis indicates that the current planning practice counters its underlying aim of achieving a long‐term even flow of timber. According to a survey of key forest stakeholders, those who directly benefit from forest utilization have a weak position in the policy arena, the dominant powers being vested in the national forestry authorities. State forest enterprises have to follow restrictive plans from above, private forest owners are constrained by stern regulations and suffer from the bad image caused by the persistent myth of overuse in private forests. More rational management of Lithuanian forests is hardly possible without major shifts in the institutional set‐up accompanied by transformation of the professional ideology. 相似文献
106.
Matjaž Hriberšek Niko Samec Jure Ravnik Matej Zadravec 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(5):479-489
The contribution presents numerical simulation of gypsum particles, lifting from a gypsum landfill. First, particle characteristics
are presented, resulting from different technologies of gypsum depositing. Next, a laboratory experiment parameter validation
tests are described, which served as a means of determination of mass flow of particles from the landfill. The background
of the numerical simulations, used in the assessment of landfill impact on the environment, is also described. Simulations
consist of two parts: simulation of a long term impact of the particles on the surrounding area, performed by implementation
of the Gaussian dispersion model based computer code ISC3, and second, a CFD based simulation for assessing the flow and mass
concentration fields in the vicinity of the landfill for several pre-selected flow cases. The results of both computational
approaches are presented and compared. In the conclusions, a relation of the simulation results with existing environmental
pollution levels is made, and recommendations for landfill management are drawn. 相似文献
107.
In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of metal ions on Mg2+-ATPase activity in isolated membranes from rat uterus. The effects of increasing concentrations of metal salts (CrCl2, CuSO4, HgCl2 and ZnSO4) show sigmoidal and almost complete inhibition relative to the control enzyme activity. According to the IC50, the ATPase possesses greater sensibility to
$ {\text{Zn}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} > {\text{Cu}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} \cong {\text{Cr}}^{{{\text{3}} + }} \cong {\text{Hg}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} ,$ {\text{Zn}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} > {\text{Cu}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} \cong {\text{Cr}}^{{{\text{3}} + }} \cong {\text{Hg}}^{{{\text{2}} + }} , while other metal salts exhibit the following inhibition: CdCl2 55%, CsCl 64.5% and SrCl2 58%. Here we demonstrated that the physico-chemical properties of these metals are of importance in defining possible mechanisms
of binding and decrease of enzyme activity. 相似文献
108.
M. Aničić M. Tasić M. V. Frontasyeva M. Tomašević S. Rajšić L. P. Strelkova A. Popović E. Steinnes 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(1):55-60
Active biomonitoring of the air quality in Belgrade, Serbia, was performed using the moss Sphagnum
girgensohnii. Moss bags were exposed in parallel with and without irrigation for 3 and 6 months, respectively, at three different sites.
Twenty-nine elements were determined in the exposed moss samples by INAA. For all exposure periods, higher uptake in the irrigated
moss bags was evident for Al, Cr, Fe, Zn and Sr. Elements such as Cl, K, Rb and Cs were depleted in the moss tissue during
the time of exposure. For most of the elements the accumulation after 6 months exceeded that observed after 3 months. 相似文献
109.
Reich S Magallanes J Dawidowski L Gómez D Groselj N Zupan J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):441-457
Air pollutant concentrations from a monitoring campaign in Buenos Aires City, Argentina, are used to investigate the relationships between ambient levels of ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a function of NO
x
(=NO + NO2). This campaign undertaken by the electricity sector was aimed at elucidating the apportionment of thermal power plants to air quality deterioration. Concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) were also registered. Photo stationary state (PSS) of the NO, NO2, O3 and peroxy radicals species has been analysed. The ‘oxidant’ level concept has been introduced, OX (=O3 + NO2), which varies with the level of NO
x
. It is shown that this level is made up of NO
x
-independent and NO
x
-dependent contributions. The former is a regional contribution that equates the background O3 level, whereas the latter is a local contribution that correlates with the level of primary pollution. Furthermore, the anticorrelation between NO2 and O3 levels, which is a characteristic of the atmospheric photo stationary cycle has been verified.The analysis of the concentration of the primary pollutants CO and NO strongly suggests that the vehicle traffic is the principal source of them. Levels of continuous measurements of SO2 for Buenos Aires City are reported in this work as a complement of previously published results. 相似文献
110.
Junga Petr Trávníček Petr Suchý Pavel Kotek Luboš Vítěz Tomáš 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):288-301
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work focuses on the issue of emergency prevention in the operation of municipal solid waste landfills. In this work, an emergency is... 相似文献