Nitrous oxide and dinitrogen emissions from soil under different water regimes and straw amendment

In a laboratory study, soil amended with and without wheat straw (2.8 g kg(-1) soil) was incubated under 70% water holding capacity (WHC), continuously flooded and flooded/drained cycle conditions at 30 degrees C for 51 days. Dinitrogen and N2O evolution and ammonia volatilisation were measured during the incubation. Extractable NH4+-N and NO3--N were determined at the end of the incubation. Entrapped N2, N2O, and dissolved NH4+-N and NO3--N in drainage water were measured in the flooded/drained cycle treatment when the floodwater was drained. The results indicated that N loss through ammonia volatilisation was undetected in all treatments due to the low soil pH value (pHH2O= 5.87) and no air movement. The recovery of urea-15N as N2 was lowest in the continuously flooded treatments (0.75% and 0.96% with and without straw amendment, respectively), highest in the 70% WHC treatments (5.65% and 4.41%, respectively), and intermediate in the flooded/drained cycle treatments (1.79% and 2.65%, respectively). The recovery of urea-15N as N2O was in the same order as that of N2, negligible in the continuously flooded treatments, 0.01% and 0.07% in the flooded/drained cycle treatments, and 1.29% and 2.23% in the 70% WHC treatments, respectively. Peak N2O evolution rates were observed after the floodwater was drained but no substantial evolution was found after the soil was reflooded following drained periods. However, peak N2 evolution rates were observed after the onset of both drainage and re-flooding. Considerable quantities of N2 but no detectable N2O were entrapped in the flooded soil.     

杭州城市大气消光系数和能见度的影响因子研究

为了解杭州市能见度下降与大气污染之间的关系，在2001年5月至2002年5月对不同粒径的颗粒物（PM10、PM2.5）的质量浓度进行了观测，结合晴天天气条件下的大气能见度，推算污染物和水汽分子对大气的消光散射，发现细微颗粒物的散射消光特性对杭州市能见度下降起主要作用，并得到能见度与细微颗粒物浓度比值（PM2．5／PM10）的关系；分析了大气能见度和消光系数与PM2．5／PM10和相对湿度的相关系数。     

粉煤灰/污泥烧结陶粒的研制与应用

以粉煤灰和工业污水处理站的剩余污泥为主要原材料,采用烧结法研制复合陶粒.分析了不同配方和不同烧结温度对陶粒性能的影响,以陶粒吸水率、容重为评价指标确定最佳配比和最佳烧结温度,并对陶粒用于铺设景观水底、治理城市水体进行了可行性分析.粉煤灰/污泥陶粒的容重为0.79～0.90 g/m3,吸水率为68.95%～80.01%.陶粒对水中氨氮和总磷吸附容量分别为0.03～0.05 mg/g和0.01～0.02 mg/g.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变,并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验,结果表明:诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间,提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400 mg/L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果,而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性.     

旋风静电除尘器流场分布测试研究

利用五孔探针系统对直筒式旋风静电除尘器模型的三维流场进行了测定与分析。结果表明：随着入口风速、供电电压增加，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向和径向速度分别增加，各截面轴向速度沿半径的分布基本相似；与旋风除尘器相比，旋风静电除尘器内气流的切向速度和径向速度的变化更为平缓，入口风速为8．5m／s时，在0．3～0．5倍简体直径时，切向速度达最大。     

电凝并式空气净化单元对颗粒物和甲醛净化效果的实验

研究一种新型电凝并式空气净化单元对室内空气中颗粒物和甲醛的净化效果.实验结果表明,高压高频(HV-HF)电凝并装置能促使小粒子相互凝并为较大的电中性的粒子团,这些具有较高比表面积的电中性粒子团进入室内空间,能继续粘附空气中及物体表面上的颗粒,形成更大的粒子团,从而易于被净化单元中的中效过滤器捕集,而且该净化单元对于大粒子(粒径＞0.7μm)浓度较高的场所净化效果更加明显.另外,室内空气中吸附在颗粒物表面的甲醛也随之被高效去除.该净化单元的投入使用,起到了提高过滤效率、去除气溶胶小粒子、降低能耗、进一步改善室内空气品质等多重功效.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变，并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验，结果表明：诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间，提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400mg／L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果，而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性。     

土壤中绿磺隆残留量生物测定方法

用生物测定方法测定了土壤中绿磺隆残留量，建立了绿磺隆浓度（Ｙ）与玉米根长（Ｘ）之间的相关模式：Ｙ＝３０．５６２－３６．３８ＩｎＸ＋１４．８２８（ＩｎＸ）￣２＋２．０４３（ＩｎＸ）￣３．此模式适用于土壤中０．１～４．０μｇ／ｋｇ浓度范围的绿磺隆残留量测定，最低检出量为０．１μｇ／ｋｇ。     

大气环境中O_3测试方法的研究

靛蓝二磺酸钠（ＩＤＳ）浓度对Ｏ３的吸收效率影响很大，增加ＩＤＳ的浓度将增大ＩＤＳ与Ｏ３的碰撞概率，因此，用一支单层玻板吸收管就能测定大气中的Ｏ３，其吸收效率可达１００％。     

填料对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果的影响

通过对装有不同填料的2个厌氧移动床生物膜反应器(R1和R2)的有机负荷、COD去除率、沼气产量及其组成、出水挥发性有机酸(VFA)和出水pH值的对比,得出在填料充填率相同、进水COD和进水pH相似的情况下,填料比表面积是影响厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果的主要因素.R1中填料的比表面积为528 m2/m3,R2中填料比表面积为211m2/m3.在整个运行阶段,填料比表面较大的R1反应器的运行结果较好.试验结束时,R1与R2的有机负荷比为1.61,而R1与R2填料上的污泥量之比为4.42.