环境监测对环保工作的影响

为保证环保工作的有效性,推动环保工作不断向好发展,分析了环境监测及其分类,指出环境监测对环保工作的影响.其可为环境评价的不断完善提供数据依据,降低环境治理成本,推动环保工作高效顺利开展.提出了进一步发挥环境监测对环保工作积极影响的措施:加大资金投入力度,加强环境监测专业队伍建设力度,确保环保工作高质量高效率开展,为人们...     

城市污水处理计算机控制系统的应用研究

本文通过对污水处理行业所采取的计算机控制系统进行比较分析 ,得出结论 :采用基于现场总线的PC +PLC分级分布式控制形式 ,能够使系统具有很高的性能 /价格比。同时 ,将此结构进行拓展 ,成功应用于我国第一座自主开发的城市污水处理厂———沈阳南部污水处理示范厂。在系统中采用就地操作BIU +MFP(基本接口单元 +微现场处理单元 )与主PLC相结合的控制结构 ,通过GeniusBus(现场总线 )技术实现通讯处理 ,达到节约投资、提高系统安全性的目的     

吸附法处理预焙阳极沥青烟研究现状与进展

预焙阳极生产过程中产生的沥青烟气严重污染环境并危害人类健康。目前,沥青烟的治理方法主要有四种,即吸收法、燃烧法、静电捕集法及吸附法。前三种方法处理费用高、应用范围窄,并有二次污染等问题。吸附法工艺简单、净化效率高、无二次污染,是一种很有发展前途的方法。在综合评述吸附法治理沥青烟研究及应用现状的基础上,提出了吸附法治理沥青烟今后的研究工作重点：（1）易吸附／脱附沥青烟的高效滤料开发;（2）吸附及再生装置与工艺的开发改进。     

大辽河水系主要污染物特征分析

对大辽河流域主要污染物CODMn(或CODCr)和氨氮多年时空变化特征进行分析,认为二者浓度在空间上都有从上游到下游显著升高的趋势,年内变化呈现明显的点源特征。     

ASBBR-二级SBBR-化学除磷组合工艺处理榨菜腌制废水

针对榨菜腌制废水高盐高氮磷高有机物浓度的特征,提出"厌氧序批式生物膜反应器(ASBBR)-二级序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)-化学除磷"组合处理工艺,在前期对组合工艺中单元工艺的关键工况参数研究的基础上,考察组合工艺的处理效能。实验结果表明,采用该组合工艺,可使进水COD、NH4+-N、TN及PO43--P分别为10 000、345、550和38.5mg/L的榨菜腌制废水,处理出水COD、NH4+-N、TN及PO43--P分别达到93.6、12.3、18和0.1 mg/L,去除率分别为99.1%、96.4%、96.7%和99.9%,出水达到污水综合排放一级标准。     

Effect of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides on foliar injury, growth, and net photosynthesis in Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus)

To investigate the effects of ambient-level gas-phase peroxides concurrent with O₃ on foliar injury, photosynthesis, and biomass in herbaceous plants, we exposed Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus) to clean air, 50 ppb O₃, 100 ppb O₃, and 2-3 ppb peroxides + 50 ppb O₃ in outdoor chambers. Compared with exposure to 100 ppb O₃, exposure to 2-3 ppb peroxides + 50 ppb O₃ induced greater damage in foliar injury, net photosynthetic rates and biomass; the pattern of foliar injury and the cause of net photosynthetic rate reduction also differed from those occurring with O₃ exposure alone. These results indicate for the first time that sub-ppb peroxides + 50 ppb O₃ can cause more severe damage to plants than 100 ppb O₃, and that not only O₃, but also peroxides, could be contributing to the herbaceous plant damage and forest decline observed in Japan's air-polluted urban and remote mountains areas.     

Iron improving bio-char derived from microalgae on removal of tetracycline from aqueous system

Novel magnetic carbonaceous bio-char was hydrothermal prepared from microalgae under different loadings of iron and its structures and surface chemistry were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET). The morphology of bio-char changed from sheet to particle as iron loading increased and its surface area also increased. When 3.0 g of dried microalgae and 6.0 mmol iron salt ((NH₄)₂SO₄·FeSO₄·6H₂O) were mixed and treated, the obtained bio-char possessing the highest amount of oxygen-containing functional groups resulted in the best adsorption performance on tetracycline (TC). This adsorption process was fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity was 95.86 mg/g, which is higher than other bio-char reported. The iron loading contributed to the higher adsorption capacity of bio-char, which may be due to three factors, the high surface area, more hydrogen bonding, and bridging effects of the structural Fe for TC. Our data suggest that bio-char may have more important role in stabilization of pollutants in the environment.     

Physicochemical and biological quality of soil in hexavalent chromium-contaminated soils as affected by chemical and microbial remediation

Chemical and microbial methods are the main remediation technologies for chromium-contaminated soil. These technologies have progressed rapidly in recent years; however, there is still a lack of methods for evaluating the chemical and biological quality of soil after different remediation technologies have been applied. In this paper, microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria and chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate were used for the remediation of soils contaminated with Cr(VI) at two levels (80 and 1,276 mg kg^?1) through a column leaching experiment. After microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria, the average concentration of water-soluble Cr(VI) in the soils was reduced to less than 5.0 mg kg^?1. Soil quality was evaluated based on 11 soil properties and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment method, including fuzzy mathematics and correlative analysis. The chemical fertility quality index was improved by one grade using microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria, and the biological fertility quality index increased by at least a factor of 6. Chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate, however, resulted in lower levels of available phosphorus, dehydrogenase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase. The result showed that microbial remediation with indigenous bacteria was more effective for remedying Cr(VI)-contaminated soils with high pH value than chemical remediation with ferrous sulphate. In addition, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was proven to be a useful tool for monitoring the quality change in chromium-contaminated soils.     

镍渣的重金属浸出特性

在分析镍渣的矿物相组成和重金属元素含量的基础上,鉴定了镍渣样品的浸出毒性,并考察了pH、液固比和浸出时间等条件对镍渣样中铬、铅、铜和锌等重金属浸出特性的影响。结果表明,镍渣中的重金属总量约为渣样的0.9%,且铬、铜和锌的含量较高,需进行安全管理。实验所用镍渣样品为第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物。在强酸条件下镍渣中重金属浸出浓度较大,pH3后浸出浓度显著降低;液固比40 L/kg时,镍渣中重金属不断溶出,液固比40 L/kg后,浸出达到饱和,浸出浓度趋于平衡;随着浸出时间的增加,重金属离子的浸出浓度先增加后减少,但由于各重金属性质不同,各重金属达到最大浸出浓度的时间不同。     

Role of black carbon in the distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in aged field-contaminated soils

Floodplain soils containing elevated levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were collected from several locations along the Tittabawassee River (Michigan, USA). The PCDD/F profiles of these soils exhibited distinct congener patterns consistent with byproducts from either chloralkali manufacturing or chlorophenols productions. Black carbon (BC) particles were isolated for the first time from floodplain soil impacted by PCDD/Fs. Petrographic analysis showed that BC particles, including coal, oxidized coal, metallurgical coke, depositional carbon, coal tar/pitch, cenosphere, and charcoal, comprised approximately 30% by volume of the organic fraction with size range of 250 μm-2000 μm from a typical floodplain soil. The BC particles with anthropogenic origin such as pitch and coke associated with the chloralkali production process served as both the source and subsequent transporter for the highly hydrophobic PCDD/Fs. These anthropogenic BC particles were enriched with high levels of PCDFs, containing approximately 1000-fold the concentration found in the bulk soil. The strong association of PCDD/Fs with anthropogenic BC directly impacts the physicochemical and biological availability thus the risk associated with these hydrophobic organochlorines in soils and sediments.