固定化降解菌Q5去除喹啉的性能研究

为了研究固定化微生物在土壤生物修复中的应用,以实验室筛选出来的高效降解菌 Q5 为生物活性物质,利用生物大分子仿生合成出的纳米多孔氧化硅为载体,通过表面吸附同定化方法将其固定,制备出固定化微生物.考察固定化微牛物初始 pH 值、温度、摇床转速和菌种的接种量对喹啉去除的影响,得到适宜的去除条件,在相同条件下比较固定化微生物与游离菌种对底物的去除情况,研究单一固定化菌种对不同浓度的喹啉的去除情况,考察固定化微生物的稳定性.实验结果表明,菌株 Q5 经固定化后,对喹啉的去除能力大大增强,在 500 mg/L 浓度下,40 h 固定化 Q5 对底物去除率达96.6%,远高于未固定化 Q5 的去除率 56.1%;对于高底物浓度,固定化微生物的去除效果明显,初始底物浓度为1 500 mg/L,反应 70 h 后去除率为 91.6%,且这种固定化微生物的重复使用性能良好.     

北京市冬季空气中PM2.5对THP-1细胞焦亡的影响

为了验证PM_2.5进入肺部后,在肺巨噬细胞清除PM_2.5组分中是否发生细胞焦亡效应,本研究以THP-1细胞作为人巨噬细胞模型,以不同浓度PM_2.5暴露于THP-1细胞,采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率,试剂盒检测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放水平,荧光显微镜下观察细胞PI染色情况,流式细胞仪检测Annexin V/PI染色,蛋白免疫印迹（Western blotting）检测焦亡相关蛋白NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1、GSDMD的表达,以及ELISA法检测IL-1β、IL-18的分泌等来检测PM_2.5暴露诱导THP-1细胞的焦亡发生和炎症因子释放水平.结果显示：THP-1细胞暴露于PM_2.5后,细胞存活率的降低与PM_2.5暴露浓度的增加呈正相关;THP-1暴露PM_2.5 48 h后,细胞胀大并呈气泡状;与空白对照（PBS）组相比,PM_2.5暴露组与阳性对照组（1.0 μg·mL^-1 LPS+5.0 mmol·L^-1 ATP）的细胞上清中LDH水平显著提高;流式细胞仪检测显示Annexin V/PI染色双阳区的细胞比例显著提高;Western blotting结果显示,与对照组相比,PM_2.5暴露组炎症小体蛋白NLRP3、ASC、caspase-1表达水平显著提高,而且caspase-1和焦亡执行蛋白GSDMD发生了切割;ELISA结果显示,与对照组相比,PM_2.5暴露组IL-1β与IL-18分泌显著提高.研究表明,PM_2.5暴露可诱导THP-1细胞炎症性细胞焦亡效应.     

混合氢管道的腐蚀失效分析

针对原油劣质化导致蜡油加氢处理装置原料中硫、氮、氯等腐蚀性杂质含量增加,装置腐蚀风险增大等情况,通过分析加氢处理装置混合氢管道的腐蚀状况,试验测定了管道所处的环境中介质的腐蚀性杂质的类型和含量,分析了管道材料的化学成分,进行了管道材料的金相组织分析,以及腐蚀穿孔部位材料的电子显微分析和微区EDX分析,对管道内部的流体流动状态进行了模拟计算,确定了混合氢管道三通的腐蚀失效原因,提出了防止管道腐蚀失效的技术措施。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in urban soil from Beijing, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （EPA-PAHs） in the urban surface soils from Beijing were determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. It is significantly complementary for understanding the PAHs pollution in soil of integrated Beijing city on the basis of the information known in the outskirts. The total concentration of 16 EPA-PAH was from 0.467 to 5.470 μg/g and was described by the contour map. Compound profiles presented that the 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs were major compositions. The correlation analysis showed that PAHs have the similar source in the most sampling sites and BaP might be considered as the indicator of PAHs. Characteristic ratios of anthracene （An）/（An＋ phenanthrene （Phe））, fluoranthene （Flu）/（Flu/ pyrene （Pyr）） and benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）/laenzo[g,h,i]perylene （BghiP） indicated that the PAHs pollutants probably mainly originated from the coal combustion and it was not negligible from vehicular emission. The level of PAHs in our study area was compared with other studies.     

温度对ANAMMOX生物膜工艺的脱氮影响与菌群结构分析

针对厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,ANAMMOX)工艺常低温运行问题,分别采用无纺布与改性聚氨酯泡沫塑料填料序批式生物膜反应器(sequence batch biofilm reactor,SBBR)处理含氮污水,考察了从35℃降至15℃过程的脱氮效果.结果表明,在进水氮容积负荷...     

水合氧化钛对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的试验研究

研究了水合氧化钛对水中Cr （Ⅵ）离子的吸附作用。结果表明，吸附过程符合Freundlich经验公式，最佳吸附PH值范围为2≤PH≤4，温度对吸附作用影响较小，采用NaOH溶液可使水合氧化钛的吸附能力得到较好再生。     

城市垃圾中生物质在热分析仪中燃烧的动力学模型研究

为了合理有效利用城市垃圾中的生物质能，实现城市垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化利用，开发适合我国城市垃圾中生物质的焚烧技术，特地对昆明市城市垃圾中生物质进行了特性分析，并在热重分析天平上对其进行了动力学实验研究与分析。结果表明，城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧过程大致可以分为四个阶段，即脱水干燥阶段、挥发份的析出和燃烧阶段、过渡阶段和固定炭燃烧阶段。城市生活垃圾中生物质具有着火温度低、燃尽率高等特点。通过对热重（TG）、差示扫描曲线（DTA）的深入分析，对城市垃圾中生物质的燃烧动力学参数进行了研究，为实现城市垃圾无害化提供理论与技术的支持。     

Effects of forest management on soil carbon: results of some long-term resampling studies

The effects of harvest intensity (sawlog, SAW; whole tree, WTH; and complete tree, CTH) on biomass and soil C were studied in four forested sites in the southeastern US (mixed deciduous forests at Oak Ridge, TN and Coweeta, NC; Pinus taeda at Clemson, SC: and P. eliottii at Bradford, FL). In general, harvesting had no lasting effects on soil C. However, intensive temporal sampling at the NC and SC sites revealed short-term changes in soil C during the first few years after harvesting, and large, long-term increases in soil C were noted at the TN site in all treatments. Thus, changes in soil C were found even though lasting effects of harvest treatment were not. There were substantial differences in growth and biomass C responses to harvest treatments among sites. At the TN site, there were no differences in biomass at 15 years after harvest. At the SC site, greater biomass was found in the SAW than in the WTH treatment 16 years after harvest, and this effect is attributed to be due to both the N left on site in foliar residues and to the enhancement of soil physical and chemical properties by residues. At the FL site, greater biomass was found in the CTH than in the WTH treatment 15 years after harvest, and this effect is attributed to be due to differences in understory competition. Biomass data were not reported for NC. The effects of harvest treatment on ecosystem C are expected to magnify over time at the SC and FL sites as live biomass increases, whereas the current differences in ecosystem C at the TN site (which are due to the presence of undecomposed residues) are expected to lessen with time.     

磺胺嘧啶胁迫下作物根际微生物群落结构响应

为了研究在磺胺类兽药胁迫下,两种作物在不同生长期根际微生物群落结构的响应,采用室内根际箱培养实验,测定玉米、小麦根际微界面土壤磷脂脂肪酸的量,研究在磺胺嘧啶（SD）胁迫下,不同作物根际土壤微界面微生物群落结构的空间变化.结果表明,SD对根际微生物活性的有抑制作用,且强度随浓度增加而增强.同一浓度SD作用下,根际微界面微生物生物量不同,在实验中,根际3mm和根室的微生物生物量最大,且二者之间差异不显著.不同微生物对根际效应敏感程度不同,细菌、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、蓝细菌和硫酸盐还原菌根际效应明显.在SD胁迫下,根际不同微界面土壤微生物群落结构变化明显.细菌、G⁺、G^-、放线菌的生物量,随SD浓度升高而下降,主要表现为抑制效应,而对真菌生物量则表现为激活效应,生物量增加. 小麦根际土壤真菌：细菌（F/B）随SD浓度的升高,比值增大,在高浓度（5mg/kg）胁迫下,F/B比值最大（0.74）,与对照差异显著（P < 0.05）,说明土壤污染修复能力增强,而sat/mono比值在高浓度SD胁迫下降低,说明微生物群落结构向有利于SD降解的方向转化.根际效应有助于SD的降解,在1mg/kg SD作用下,小麦根际土壤降解率为7.01%,而非根际土壤降解率仅为2.49%,不同作物表现出的根际效应强弱不同,玉米根际效应强于小麦.