Dense Polyacrylic Acid-Immobilized Polypropylene Non-woven Fabrics Prepared Via UV-Induced Photograft Technique for the Recovery of Rare Earth Ions from Aqueous Solution

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this work, a novel and easy-separating rare earth adsorbent (PAA/PPNWF) was successfully synthesized by generating dense polyacrylic acid (PAA) on the...     

Field monitoring of a LID-BMP treatment train system in China

In order to assess the urban runoff control effectiveness of a low-impact development best management practice (LID-BMP) treatment train system, a field test of selected LID-BMPs was conducted in China. The LID-BMPs selected include three grassed swales, a buffer strip, a bioretention cell, two infiltration pits, and a constructed wetland. The test site is in a campus in southern China. The LID-BMPs, connected in a series, received stormwater runoff from four tennis courts with an area of 2808 m² and eight basketball courts with an area of 4864 m². Construction of the LID-BMPs was completed in early spring of 2012, and the sampling was conducted during May of 2012 to September of 2013. During the sampling effort, besides the performance evaluations of grassed swales and the bioretention cell in controlling runoff quantity as well as quality, the emphasis was also on determining the performance of the LID-BMP treatment train system. A total of 19 storm events were monitored, with nine producing no runoff and ten producing runoff. Data collected from the ten storm events were analyzed for estimating runoff quantity (peak flow rate and total runoff volume) and quality reduction by the LID-BMPs. The sum of loads (SOL) method was used for calculating the water quality performance of LID-BMPs. Results indicated that, for peak flow rate, a bioretention cell reduction of 50–84 % was obtained, and grassed swale reduction was 17–79 %, with a runoff volume reduction of 47–80 and 9–74 %, respectively. For water quality, the bioretention cell in general showed good removal for zinc (nearly 100 %), copper (69 %), NH₃-N (ammonia nitrogen) (51 %), and total nitrogen (TN) (49 %); fair removal for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (18 %); and poor removal for total suspended solids (TSS) (?11 %) and total phosphorus (TP) (?21 %). And its performance effectiveness for pollutant removal increased in the second year after 1 year of stabilizing. When considering the aggregated effect of the LID-BMP treatment train system, it showed excellent removal for NH₃-N (73 %), TN (74 %), and TP (95 %) and fair removal for COD (19 %) and TSS (35 %). The assessment results of the LID-BMP treatment train system provide valuable information on how to link the different types of LID-BMP facilities and maximize the integrated effectiveness on urban runoff control.     

土壤生态毒性测试方法综述

土壤生态毒性测试在化学品管理和污染土壤评价等方面具有重要作用。传统的测试方法通常是利用生物个体、种群等水平上的存活、繁殖等测试终点来评价化学品或污染土壤对生态系统的影响。微宇宙等模拟生态系统和一些野外试验方法更接近生态系统的实际情况,但耗时更长、花费更高。与传统的测试方法相比,生物标志物敏感性高、响应速度快,有可能作为土壤污染的快速诊断工具。近年来,新技术的应用进一步促进了土壤生态毒理学的发展,如组学技术有助于理解有毒物的致毒机制,发现新的分子生物标志物。本文综述了目前土壤生态毒性测试的主要方法及其标准化和应用现状,同时对土壤生态毒性测试方法今后的研究方向及在我国环境管理中的应用提出展望。     

好氧反硝化菌种DF2的分离鉴定及生理生化特性分析

分离了新型的高效反硝化细菌并研究其生物脱氮效率。通过观察形态学、生理生化鉴定和16SrRNA基因同源分析来鉴定菌种,致力于研究微生物污水脱氮处理的实际效果和克服反硝化过程中有害中间产物的积累。利用BTB培养基从水平潜流人工湿地基质中初步筛选出了9株平板阳性菌,革兰阴阳性均有。经试验研究发现该9种菌株在好氧条件下均具有一定的脱氮能力,其中以DF2和DF3 2种菌株脱氮能力最为显著,在3 d时间内NOX--N去除率达到了95%以上,NO2--N仅有微量积累;而其它7种菌株对NO3--N的去除率可以达到98%以上,但是NO2--N积累比较严重,积累量达到了NO3--N去除的50%~70%左右。经测序分析鉴定DF2和DF3分别属于德克斯氏菌属(Derxia)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonadaceae)。德克斯氏菌属作为除氮的反硝化菌属在以往的研究中鲜有报道,该菌在好氧条件下可以合成周质NAR的亚基基因(napA)。     

Investigating the factors underlying participation by the Chinese public in environmental management: an approach based on spatial heterogeneity

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Public participation in environmental management (PPEM) in China has become increasingly prominent; thus, investigating the factors that underlie...     

Spatial distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil around a municipal solid waste incinerator

The impact of a typical municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in the surrounding soil was studied. Six stack gas samples were taken from the MSWI and 21 soil samples were collected from sampling sites between 300 and 1700 m from the MSWI stack. The total (∑PCB) concentrations of dioxin-like (dl) PCBs and indicator PCBs in the stack gas samples were between 3.41 and 34.3 ng/m3, and the corresponding toxic equivalents (TEQs) ranged from 4.45 to 66.9 pg WHO-TEQ/m3, with a mean of 28.6 pg WHO-TEQ/m3. A total of 2.43 g WHO-TEQ of PCBs per year was calculated to be released into the environment from MSWIs in China. The ∑PCB concentrations in the soil samples ranged from 28.0 to 264.4 pg/g, with mean and median values of 127.6 and 127.7 pg/g, respectively, while the TEQ values were between 0.020 and 0.18 pg WHO-TEQ/g, with mean and median values of 0.074 and 0.062 pg WHO-TEQ/g, respectively. Comparing this study with other studies performed around the world suggest that PCB emission from incinerators has a critical influence on PCB concentrations in the surrounding soil. An exponential function equation is proposed, which indicates a clear decline in ∑PCB concentrations with increasing distance from the stack. A contour map created using an ordinary kriging interpolation technique showed that a limited area (1250 m radius) from the stack was clearly influenced by PCB emission from the MSWI.     

LNG点供站安全性分析

针对当前液化天然气(LNG)点供站建设和现场管理没有标准规范,LNG点供站安全管理存在隐患的现状,通过对LNG点供站运营过程中的风险点进行辨识,提出针对性的风险预控措施和管理建议,促进LNG点供站的健康安全运行。     

基于EFDC模型的水乡城镇水网水动力优化调控研究

河流的水动力状态与整体水环境状况息息相关.本研究以同里古镇区水系为例,在数据稀缺,尤其是缺乏水质数据的基础上,通过研究区域实地考察、现场监测、文献调研等方式,确定了研究区域合理的生态流速范围.同时,建立了同里古镇区水系的EFDC水动力模型,并采用情景分析法,对古镇区水系8种不同的调水优化情景进行分析评价.结果表明,当进水泵站以0.42 m3·s~(-1),饮马桥同时以0.5 m3·s~(-1)的流量进水,大东溪桥和会川桥出流口各出流10%,外河闸口出流口出流80%,其余出流口不出流的情况下,同里古镇区水系整体水动力改善条件较好,且大部分河段流速维持在0.05~0.10 m·s~(-1)之间,在同里古镇水系合理的生态流速范围内.这一方案不仅能有效改善同里古镇水系整体水动力状态,且对水质状况的改善,对整体水环境的提升具有良好的促进作用.     

苯并[a]芘对刺参SOD和CAT酶活性影响研究

研究了实验室条件下刺参(Stichopus japonicus)暴露于不同浓度苯并[a]芘后,刺参体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的变化规律。实验设置了4个处理组(1、5、10、20μg/L)、空白对照组和丙酮溶剂对照组,在染毒2 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、2 d、4 d、7 d、14 d和21 d取样分析,其中第14天放入清洁海水中恢复7 d,分析了苯并[a]芘与刺参SOD、CAT之间的剂量、时间-效应关系。结果表明,在苯并[a]芘作用下,刺参的SOD酶活性在第6小时、12小时和21天时与苯并[a]芘浓度呈显著负相关,R_(6h)=0.959 2(P0.05)、R_(12h)=0.945 8(P0.05)、R_(21d)=0.959 6(P0.05)。刺参CAT的诱导随水体苯并[a]芘浓度的升高而增强,在第2天、第4天有显著的线性关系,其相关系数分别为R_(2d)=0.790 6(0.01P0.05)、R_(4d)=0.953 3(0.01P0.05)。由此表明,在苯并[a]芘染毒作用下,刺参组织解毒代谢指标SOD和CAT都出现了明显的时间-剂量效应,经相关性分析提出刺参组织SOD和CAT酶活力可以作为评价苯并[a]芘污染的生物标志物。