Metallsorption an Illit und Metallfreisetzung unter Einwirken der Aminosäuren Glycin und Histidin

The heavy metal ions Zn(II), Pb(II), Cr(III) and Hg(II) were examined in regard of their adsorption behaviour towards Kaolin W from Lohrheim (51% illite, 31% kaolinite and 18% quarz). By means of the Langmuir and Freundlich models the determined adsorption isothermes could be linearized. The ability of glycine and histidine solutions to release heavy metal ions, pre-adsorbed on Kaolin W (36,1–2300 mg kg^?1 Zn, Pb, Cr and Hg), was specified. It was found a low influence of glycine, but an evident influence of histidine to the metal release, expecially of Pb and Cr, depending on the metalcoating, metal-amino acid-ratio, experimental pH and testing period. The highest remobilisation fraction, up to 98%, could be found in the case of Zn. This elucidates an enhancement of the zinc release compared with the blank solution, without containing amino acids, to a factor of maximal 9,3. As far as Pb and Cr were concerned the histidine extraction exeeded the remobilisation in the blank solution by a maximum of 50,8 or 40. As Hg develops strong covalent bondings to illite by OH-bridges, the release of Hg was not affected by the amino acids.     

European union system for the evaluation of substances: the second version

This publication presents major changes in the assessment of the risks of chemicals to human health and the environment as implemented in the second version of the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances, EUSES 2.0. EUSES is a harmonised quantitative risk assessment tool for chemicals. It is the PC-implementation of the technical guidelines developed within the framework of EU chemical legislation for industrial chemicals and biocides. As such, it is designed to support decision making by risk managers in government and industry and to assist scientific institutions in the risk assessment for these substances. The development of EUSES 2.0 is a co-ordinated project of the European Chemicals Bureau, EU Member States and the European chemical industry. Several model concepts, the technical background and the user interface of EUSES have been improved considerably. Major changes in the environmental assessment such as the implementation of emission scenario documents for industrial chemicals and biocides, the addition of the marine risk assessment, the enhancement of the regional model to include global scales, and improvements in the secondary poisoning and environmental effects modelling will be discussed. The update of the human risk assessment module in EUSES focuses on the risk characterisation for both threshold and non-threshold substances with, among others, the introduction of assessment factors. The performance of EUSES is illustrated in an example showing the human and environmental risk assessment of a sanitation disinfectant for private use.