Response of bacterial communities to mining activity in the alpine area of the Tianshan Mountain region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Anthropogenic activities, such as mining, influence soil bacterial community composition and microbial distributions. In the current study, the...     

How can government environmental enforcement and corporate environmental responsibility consensus reduce environmental emergencies?

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Environmental emergencies have become a severe challenge to human society due to their great harmfulness, which seriously restrict the sustainable...     

Influences of sediment properties and macrophytes on phosphorous speciation in the intertidal marsh

Phosphorus (P) in wetlands is mainly bound to sediment in various species, which is essential to predict water column P levels. The purpose of this work is to understand the influences of sediment properties and vegetation types on P speciation. Sediments under four vegetation types in the tidal flat and offshore sandbar in Hangzhou Bay of China were collected seasonally. The rank order of P species in sediment based on concentration was exchangeable P (Exch-P)?相似文献   

不同水肥管理对太湖流域稻田磷素径流和渗漏损失的影响

于2010和2011年在太湖流域开展了为期2年的田间定位试验,对2种灌溉模式(常规连续淹灌与干湿交替节灌)和4种施肥管理(不施氮、常规尿素、控释BB肥与树脂包膜尿素)条件下稻田田面水和渗漏水总磷(TP)、溶解态磷(DP)和颗粒态磷(PP)浓度的动态变化及磷素径流和渗漏损失进行了研究.结果表明:田面水TP和DP浓度变化趋势相同,均在施肥后1 d达到最高值,之后急剧下降;渗漏水TP和DP浓度变化趋势也相同,均在施肥后7 d达到最高值,然后逐渐下降.PP是田面水磷素的主要形态,DP是渗漏水磷素的主要形态.节灌降低了田面水和渗漏水磷浓度但对DP/TP影响不大,同时降低了TP径流流失量(24.7%~57.4%)和渗漏淋失量(21.0%~25.3%).施氮增加了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度,也导致了更高的TP径流和渗漏损失.与常规尿素相比,控释BB肥提高了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度及TP损失量,而树脂包膜尿素降低了田面水和渗漏水的磷浓度和TP损失量.综上,干湿交替节灌结合树脂包膜尿素施用能有效降低稻田磷素径流和渗漏损失,削减农业面源污染.     

温度环境试验及其标准综述(四)温度试验技术

<正>1温度试验设备和辅助仪器1.1对温度试验箱的要求温度试验设备包括高温箱、低温箱、高低温箱、温度冲击箱和快速温度变化箱。虽然都是用来产生温度条件,不同的温度试验项目对温度试验设备的要求有所不同。对试验箱的结构和参数要求也略有区别(见表1)但不管什么试验箱,它们都应能产生并保持试验方法标准中所规定的试验条件,并在规定的容差范围,以确保试验结果的重现性。1.2对辅助设备和仪器的要求     

APEC期间北京空气质量改善对比分析

为了评估APEC期间强化减排措施对北京空气质量的改善效果,利用2014年11月1~15日中国环境监测总站发布的奥体中心监测点空气质量监测数据,分析其空气质量演变特征,并与2013年同期监测数据进行对比研究.结果表明:1PM_(2.5)是当前北京最重要的污染物,APEC期间空气质量以优良为主,期间有3次明显的污染过程,与2013年同期相比较有所好转,显示出强化减排措施对北京空气质量的改善有显著的效果;2与世界卫生组织(WHO)的标准值相比,APEC期间PM_(2.5)有5d在WHO标准值(25μg·m~(-3))以下,而SO_2均小于标准值;3APEC期间,在空气质量为优时PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)小于0.5,且随污染浓度的增加比值逐渐增大,在严重污染情况下PM_(2.5)/PM10达到0.9以上;4与2013年同期相比,强化减排措施对PM_(2.5)的减少有一定的贡献,但与SO_2和CO的减少量相比,颗粒物的减少量又相对较少,NO_2减少量相对最小,实施强化减排措施对污染物减排的排序为SO_2COPMNO_2,说明北京空气污染中的PM_(2.5)的来源、影响和减排的复杂性,有待进一步深入研究.     

A double‐edged sword: The moderating role of conscientiousness in the relationships between work stressors,psychological strain,and job performance

Although conscientiousness was commonly viewed as a type of personal resource to help individuals reduce strain or mitigate the impacts of stressors, empirical research demonstrated mixed results. Based on the personal resource allocation perspective, we posited that rather than functioning as personal resource per se, conscientiousness may act as a key factor influencing how individuals allocate their personal resources. The current study examined the moderating roles of conscientiousness in the relationships that work stressors (i.e., challenge stressors and hindrance stressors) have with employee psychological strain and job performance by using multi‐source, time‐lagged data collected from 250 employees working at two companies. The results showed that both challenge stressors and hindrance stressors were positively related to psychological strain. Conscientiousness moderated the relationships between both stressors and psychological strain, such that the positive relationships were stronger for individuals with high conscientiousness. Conscientiousness also moderated the relationship between challenge stressors and performance, such that the relationship was positive for individuals with high conscientiousness but negative for those with low conscientiousness. Altogether, the findings suggest that conscientiousness acts as a double‐edged sword that both promotes performance and exacerbates the stress reaction of employees when they are confronted with stressful situations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海港区船舶防污漆中Irgarol 1051的环境风险评价

Irgarol 1051是一种常用于船舶防污漆的杀生活性物质。为了评价船舶防污漆杀生活性物质Irgarol 1051的海洋环境风险,根据ISO 13073-1的评价原则和程序,对其进行环境危害评价、环境暴露评价和风险表征。通过对公共数据库的文献检索获取数据,从理化性质、环境行为、生态毒性3个方面评价Irgarol 1051的环境危害。采用评估因子法计算Irgarol 1051的预测无效应浓度(PNEC)。采用质量守恒法计算Irgarol 1051在海水中的释放率,通过MAMPEC v3.0模型推导上海洋山深水港的集装箱船区、码头、航道等暴露场景的预测环境浓度(PEC)。经过比较上述暴露场景的风险商值(PEC/PNEC)发现,港口的海水相风险商值大于1,Irgarol 1051的环境风险需要关注。     

一起电力线路球头挂环断裂失效的事故分析

针对某电力线路上一起球头挂环断裂事故,通过外观检查、力学性能测试及金相组织检验等方法进行分析,找出事故原因并提出治理措施。金属检测和金相分析结果表明:受力异常是球头挂环失效的外因,显微组织异常是球头挂环失效的内因,内外因共同作用导致球头挂环断裂。     

吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系

盐碱水田生长期对大气具有碳汇作用,研究其碳循环机制对全球碳减排和全球气候变化有着重要作用和意义。为进一步探究盐碱水田生态系统碳循环过程中土壤酶对有机碳的影响,选取吉林西部盐碱水田区为对象,细化生长期的不同阶段,分别于未种植水稻时、水稻幼苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期、结实期前往吉林西部典型灌区前郭县进行0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40、40~50 cm分层采样,并马上回实验室用总有机碳分析仪测定有机碳含量,用3,5—二硝基水杨酸比色法测定土壤蔗糖酶活性,研究水稻不同生长时期土壤蔗糖酶活性及土壤有机碳在0~50 cm土层的分布特征,探讨蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机碳的关系。结果表明:表层土壤蔗糖酶活性最高,在不同生长期其活性均随着土壤剖面深度的增加显著降低,并且酶活性主要集中在0~20cm的土层中;抽穗期和结实期0~10 cm土层土壤有机碳含量分别为1.30和1.31 g·kg-1,低于10~20 cm土层1.57和1.51 g·kg-1,其余时期土壤有机碳含量随着土壤剖面深度的增加显著降低。经相关分析表明,土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤有机碳间呈显著正相关关系,其中幼苗期蔗糖酶活性与有机碳含量的相关系数最高为0.97。吉林西部盐碱水田土壤蔗糖酶活性的剖面分异与土壤有机碳含量密切相关,土壤蔗糖酶活性对土壤有机碳库有显著的影响。