热湿舒适性运动面料研究概况

影响运动服装综合舒适性的因素很多,其中,热湿舒适性是评价运动服装舒适性的一项重要指标,它直接影响到人们的健康情况以及运动员在运动项目中的能力发挥情况,成为运动服装面料开发过程中不可忽视的重要环节。本文介绍了运动面料的热湿传递机理,通过分析影响运动服装热湿舒适性的重要因素来探讨运动服装面料的研究现状,并详细介绍了目前已经开发或即将开发的具备热湿舒适性的运动服装面料的种类。     

工程机械不同工况下PM_(2.5)排放及其碳质组分特征

我国工程机械排放控制起步较晚.为研究实际工况下工程机械的PM2.5排放特性及其碳质组分构成,采用便携式颗粒物稀释采样系统,对3台工程机械(2台挖掘机和1台装载机)在不同典型工况(行驶、作业和怠速)下的PM2.5及其碳质组分〔OC(有机碳)和EC(元素碳)〕的现场排放特征进行了测试.结果表明:沃尔沃挖掘机、山河智能挖掘机的PM2.5排放因子(基于燃油)分别为1.85~3.26和1.56~2.62 g/kg,厦工装载机的PM2.5排放因子为0.98~1.48 g/kg.不同工况对PM2.5排放因子影响较大,怠速工况下PM2.5排放因子是行驶工况下的1.49~1.76倍.工程机械排放的PM2.5中,碳质组分是最主要的成分,其质量分数高达71.0%~84.5%.其中,w(OC)为44.6%~72.0%,在怠速工况下最高;w(EC)则为8.6%~30.9%,在行驶工况下较高.测试工程机械的PM2.5排放水平较高,因此应尽快加强工程机械排放的污染防治.     

便携式GC-MS在石油污染土壤应急监测中的应用

针对石油污染土壤中VOCs含量的应急监测,便携式气相色谱-质谱联用仪适用于土壤中甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、三氯苯等13种苯系物的快速定量检测,通过对某废弃炼油厂土壤样品测定,该方法在快速定性的同时,定量测定5~20411μg/kg土壤样品具有很高的可靠性。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

超声及N掺杂对TiO2光催化降解甲基橙活性的影响

在超声条件下采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了N掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙的光催化降解评价其光催化活性.运用XRD、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱等技术对试样的粒径、晶体结构及光学性能进行了表征.实验结果表明:超声能明显减小TiO2颗粒的粒径,提高颗粒分散度,提高TiO2在紫外光下的光催化剂活性;超声对N的掺杂产生了促进作用,使N掺杂纳米TiO2对可见光的吸收能力显著增强,在可见光下的光催化降解速率提高23％.     

Molecular docking analysis on antifungal properties of acid condensate produced from palm kernel shell

The rise in the number of fungi that resisted antifungal action is of serious concern nowadays. In this study, the potential of acid condensate (AC) produced from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated for its antifungal properties through molecular docking evaluation. The phenolic-rich AC was determined for its chemical compositions using the GC–MS analysis where compounds with the highest phenolics content were further evaluated (using the Autodock Tools 1.5.7) for its potential enzymes/protein binding properties. From the GC–MS analysis, catechol, guaiacol and syringol were present at highest percentages. This directly correlates with results obtained from the molecular docking works where all these ligands managed to bind (indicated by H-bond, π-stacking, hydrophobic interaction) with some of the amino acid at the active sites which indicate its potential to inhibit substrate binding of this enzyme. As a conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential use of AC from agricultural biomass such as PKS as a natural-based antifungal agent that can reduce environmental and health impacts.     

新型溴代阻燃剂TBB和TBPH的生态毒理研究进展

新型溴代阻燃剂2-乙基己基-四溴苯甲酸(2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate,TBB)和2,3,4,5-四溴-苯二羧酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate,TBPH)作为传统溴代阻燃剂多溴联苯醚(poly brominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)的替代品,广泛应用于工业和人类日常生活用品中,已在各种环境介质和生物体甚至人体中被检测出,由此可能对生态环境和人类健康产生潜在的风险.本文对TBB和TBPH这2种新型溴代阻燃剂的最新生态毒理学研究进展进行了综述,介绍了 TBB和TBPH在各类环境介质和生物体中的分布、环境归趋、人群暴露状况以及有关的生物毒性效应.最后对TBB和TBPH研究存在的问题进行了梳理分析,提出了研究展望,以期促进TBB和TBPH的环境风险和人类健康风险评价的深入研究.     

Effect of biocides on the precipitation of calcium fluoride in the presence of anionic copolymeric inhibitors

The inhibitory efficiency of anionic copolymers and the effect of the biocides sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane on the precipitation behavior of calcium fluoride (CaF₂) were studied. The efficiency of polymeric inhibitors was traced from conductivity measurements by using half-life (t_1/2) method. X-ray diffraction parameters have been measured for calcium fluoride scale minerals. An anionic copolymer (K-798) acts as one of the best inhibitors for the precipitation process of the calcium fluoride in water as compared to K-775. It is assigned to the fact that the copolymer (K-798) contains both sulfonic acid and sulfonated styrene groups while the polymer (K-775) having only the sulfonic acid group. It was further observed that the biocides have no appreciable effect on the performance of the anionic polymeric inhibitors.     

Characteristics of the stabilized/solidified municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash and the leaching behavior of Cr and Pb

Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid wastes incineration (MSWI). An alkali activated blast furnace slag-based cementitious material was used to stabilize/solidify the fly ash at experimental level. The characteristics of the stabilized/solidified fly ash, including metal leachability, mineralogical characteristics and the distributions of metals in matrices, were tested by toxic characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) respectively. Continuous acid extraction was utilized to extract metal ions and characterize their leaching behavior. The stabilization/solidification procedure for MSWI fly ash demonstrates a strong fixing capacity for the metals by the formation of C-S-H phase, hydrated calcium aluminosilicate and ettringite. The stabilized/solidified fly ash shows a dense and homogeneous microstructure. Cr is mainly solidified in hydrated calcium aluminosilicate, C-S-H and ettringite phase through physical encapsulation, precipitation, adsorption or substitution mechanisms, and Pb is mainly solidified in C-S-H phase and absorbed in the Si-O structure.     

辽河油田石油污染土壤的2阶段生物修复

建立了污染土壤预制床处理工程,对不同类型原油污染土壤分别进行堆腐处理,历时2个阶段,共运行210d.当稀油、稠油、特稠油和高凝油污染土壤中石油烃总量(TPH)为25.8～77.2g·kg^-1时,经过53d(为第1阶段)的运行,TPH去除率38.37%～56.74%.第2年(为第2阶段)继续处理156d,TPH降解率达到66.59%～80.96%.连续运行结果表明,污染土壤中易分解的石油烃污染物大部分在第1阶段得到降解,第二阶段降解率明显降低.