深圳市综合水质指数研究及其在水资源资产评估上的应用

自然资源资产评估技术是开展自然资源资产负债表实践和实行环境责任离任审计的重要技术支撑。水资源作为一项重要自然资源,如何有效评估水资源资产是不可回避的问题。论文以深圳市为研究区域,一是采用综合污染指数法和主成分分析法,以总氮、氨氮、总磷、化学需氧量、生化需氧量、固体悬浮物为指标参数构建了深圳市综合水质指数以评价水资源综合水质。二是以该综合水质评估模型为基础,通过采用治污成本法分析综合水质与治污成本间的关系,从而构建深圳市景观水和饮用水资源的价值量评估模型。论文还以深圳市大鹏新区为试点开展了水资源价值量评估,评估结果显示,2015年大鹏新区景观水和饮用水资源的价值量分别为3.60亿、0.35亿元。     

Nanoencapsulation of hexavalent chromium with nanoscale zero-valent iron: High resolution chemical mapping of the passivation layer

Solid phase reactions of Cr(Ⅵ) with Fe(0) were investigated with spherical-aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Cs-STEM) integrated with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy(XEDS). Near-atomic resolution elemental mappings of Cr(Ⅵ)–Fe(0) reactions were acquired. Experimental results show that rate and extent of Cr(Ⅵ) encapsulation are strongly dependent on the initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in solution. Low Cr loading in nZⅥ(1.0 wt%) promotes the electrochemical oxidation and continuous corrosion of n ZⅥ while high Cr loading(1.0 wt%) can quickly shut down the Cr uptake. With the progress of iron oxidation and dissolution, elements of Cr and O counter-diffuse into the nanoparticles and accumulate in the core region at low levels of Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 10 mg/L). Whereas the reacted n ZⅥ is quickly coated with a newly-formed layer of 2–4 nm in the presence of concentrated Cr(Ⅵ)(e.g., 100 mg/L). The passivation structure is stable over a wide range of pH unless pH is low enough to dissolve the passivation layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) depth profiling reconfirms that the composition of the newly-formed surface layer consists of Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxides with Cr(Ⅵ) adsorbed on the outside surface. The insoluble and insulating Fe(Ⅲ)–Cr(Ⅲ)(oxy)hydroxide layer can completely cover the n ZⅥ surface above the critical Cr loading and shield the electron transfer. Thus, the fast passivation of nZⅥ in high Cr(Ⅵ) solution is detrimental to the performance of nZⅥ for Cr(Ⅵ) treatment and remediation.     

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

一种模拟动力学边界条件的环境振动试验方法研究

目的提高环境振动试验的可靠性。方法以某典型钛合金蜂窝夹芯壁板试验件为例,提出一种模拟试验件动力学边界条件的试验方法,在试验件周围引入弹性连接件,再通过刚性转接工装与振动台台面连接,以试验件在试验安装状态下的共振频率及振型节线位置为优化目标,以弹性连接件的外形尺寸及厚度为优化变量,对弹性连接件进行优化设计,从而模拟试验件真实的动力学边界条件。结果弹性连接件的优化设计使得试验件在试验安装状态下前两阶共振频率与试验要求相差小于8%,而且振型节线位置与试验要求基本重合,达到了模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件的设计目标。结论对于壁板类试验件,在传统刚性夹具的基础上引入弹性连接件的试验方法,可以较好地模拟试验件真实动力学边界条件,提高环境振动试验的可靠性,并且这种方法对试验费用及试验周期影响较小,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

小流域综合治理新设计研究——猪沼果模式

近年来,小流域综合治理的主旨思想改变了,其工作重心在于巩固和发展治理开发的成果,提升综合治理的科技含量,增加治理带来的经济效益。于是将小流域的治理与生产联系起来成为了当前科研人员的研究方向。文章对目前部分地区大力推广的"猪-沼-果"模式在小流域治理方面的概念、发展及综合效益等方面做了一些综述。总的来说,猪沼果模式能够增加农村的能源,增加农民收入,并保护绿植,促进小流域治理。     

重度雾霾环境下篮球运动对人体心肺机能的影响研究

雾霾一直是影响人体健康的始作俑者之一,重度雾霾环境下人体的各项机能均会下降,甚至衰竭。针对重度雾霾环境下篮球运动对人体心肺机能的影响开展下列研究:对雾霾天气形成因素进行详细研究,经研究发现在城市中,有毒的颗粒物主要来源于汽车尾气、北方抵御冬季供暖生成的废气、工业生产中排放的气体、建筑工地与马路交通生成的扬尘等方面,特别是在长三角和珠三角地区,每年出现雾霾的天数要在100天以上,且个别城市超过了200天;将雾霾环境下篮球运动对人体心肺机能的影响划分为:易导致呼吸道及肺组织交叉感染、易导致慢性阻塞性的肺部疾病、易导致肺癌三大模块,并对形成的原因进行详细阐述。     

基于医疗大数据的空气污染类疾病信息分析研究

世界卫生组织表示,空气污染为造成全球疾病负担的一项重要因素,能够导致心血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等各种疾病的发生,空气污染问题已经成为公共卫生领域关注的重点问题,对基于医疗大数据的空气污染类疾病信息进行分析。利用半参数广义相加的泊松回归模型,在控制时间、长期趋势、气象因素等一些复杂条件的基础上,对2012年1月1日至2016年12月31日,某市空气中SO2、PM10和NO2等一些主要空气污染物的监测浓度值与呼吸系统疾病(肺炎以及支气管炎与哮喘)住院人数的相关性进行研究,研究结果表明,空气颗粒物PM10对患病率的影响相对于气态污染物SO2、NO2更为严重。     

Black cherry growth response to ambient ozone and EDU

Field-grown black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seedlings were treated with the antioxidant ethylenediurea (EDU) to evaluate height, diameter, and above-ground dry-weight biomass growth response to ambient ozone over four years. Nine blocks with 44 trees/block were used in a randomized complete block design with three foliar spray treatments: (1) 1000 ppm EDU mixed with a surfactant and water; (2) surfactant mixed with water; and (3) water only. In each growing season treatments were applied seven times at approximately 10-day intervals. Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated significant (P< or =0.05) treatment and year effects for log-transformed height and diameter growth over the four-year period. After four years, EDU-treated trees were approximately 17% taller and stem diameters were 21% greater than non-EDU-treated trees. Total above-ground dry-weight biomass at the end of four years was 47% greater for EDU-treated trees compared to non-EDU-treated trees.     

钴（Ⅱ）－过氧化氢－苯基荧光酮体系催化光度法测定痕量钴的研究

本文研究了钴（Ⅱ）催化过氧化氢氧化苯基荧光酮的褪色反应，测定了反应级数和表观活化能，建立了测定痕量地的新方法。２５℃时本法检出限为２９×１０－１３ｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０．０４～２ｎｇ／１０ｍｌ，催化反应表观活化能为５６．１５ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。该方法己用于维生素Ｂ１２、人发和茶叶中痕量钴的测定．结果满意，相对标准偏差为２．４～３．４％。     

盐酸萘乙二胺比色法测定大气中硝基苯、苯胺浓度的改进

本文探讨了盐酸萘乙二胺比色方法测定大气中硝基苯、苯胺浓度的最佳反应条件,如酸度、试剂加入量、反应温度、反应时间等。简化了过滤、洗涤操作,精密度高、显色稳定。