基于荧光素酶发光检测体系的几种工业污染物综合毒性评价

利用化工污染物能抑制荧光素酶催化发光反应这一特性,对水质中6种化工化合物分别进行毒性测试,建立一种快速检测水质中化工污染物毒性的生物学方法。实验结果表明,对苯二酚、4-氨基酚、苯胺、氯仿、盐酸邻联甲苯胺和硫柳汞的EC50值分别为:5.563、10.225、20.236、38.432、8.827和0.6 mg/L,6种污染物毒性大小依次为:硫柳汞>对苯二酚>盐酸邻联甲苯胺>4-氨基酚>苯胺>氯仿,相关系数>0.95。该方法为进一步研究基于荧光素酶反应体系检测水质中化工污染物综合毒性的生物传感器方法奠定基础。     

常见化学品在不同物料输送泵输送过程中的污染物排放系数研究

通过深入研究常见化学品在不同物料输送泵输送过程中的污染物排放规律,模拟实际生产过程中物料输送的形式,设计并搭建了系数测定试验装置,探索并选择甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇和盐酸在该试验装置中的取样、计量和监测方法。经过长期的现场实测,形成了4种常见化学品在典型的5种类型的泵输送过程中的污染物排放系数。根据试验结果,计算总结得知,在三类釜前泵输送过程中,污染物排放系数从小到大排序为二甲苯、盐酸、甲苯、甲醇;在两类真空泵输送过程中,污染物排放系数从小到大排序为二甲苯、甲苯、盐酸、甲醇。     

环氧丙烷燃烧特性研究

利用燃烧盘对环氧丙烷的燃烧特性进行了研究,观测其质量燃烧速率、火焰形态、热辐射强度,并进行理论计算。结果表明:环氧丙烷在4.52 m~2燃烧盘中质量燃烧速率达到24.0 kg/(min·m~2),是1.73 m~2燃烧盘环氧丙烷燃烧速率5.40 kg/(min·m~2)的4.45倍。环氧丙烷在1.73m~2、4.52 m~2燃烧盘的火焰高度分别为3.5 m和6.2 m,均高于Thoms和Heskestad模型的预测结果。同等条件下环氧丙烷的火焰热辐射强度,高于汽油、石脑油和乙醇。     

Nonlinear time series analysis of ground-level ozone dynamics in Southern Taiwan

The ozone pollution at ground level in rural and urban areas has been a long-standing problem in the world. This paper focuses on estimating self-affined nature of nonlinearity of ground-level peak ozone time series, which is analyzed by two nonlinear fractal statistical methods, including R/S analysis and BDS test. To explore the underlying structure of ozone observations at ground level and improve the forecasting capacity in urban region, practical implementation was assessed by a case study via collecting and analyzing the monitoring data at Chaojhou and Zenwu in the Kaohsiung metropolitan region, Taiwan. Based on R/S analysis, the time series can be identified as persistent and long-memory processes with Hurst exponents of both about 0.75. In addition, the V statistics specifies possible fluctuation cycle lengths of 32, 170, and 420 day simultaneously. Such results are consistent with the regional meteorological conditions leading to help characterize the regional scale ozone behavioral trend. Furthermore, the BDS test results confirm a strong nonlinearity of both time series associated with these two cities. Yet in both cases, nonlinearity implies chaos. The R/S analysis and BDS test provide strong evidence for nonlinearity and fractality of ozone time series due to noisy chaos, and we could not rule out the possibility of deterministic chaos in tropospheric ozone system.     

The spatial relationship between human activities and C,N, P,S in soil based on landscape geochemical interpretation

The development and formation of chemical elements in soil are affected not only by parent material, climate, biology, and topology factors, but also by human activities. As the main elements supporting life on earth system, the C, N, P, S cycles in soil have been altered by human activity through land-use change, agricultural intensification, and use of fossil fuels. The present study attempts to analyze whether and how a connection can be made between macroscopical control and microcosmic analysis, to estimate the impacts of human activities on C, N, P, S elements in soil, and to determine a way to describe the spatial relationship between C, N, P, S in soil and human activities, by means of landscape geochemical theories and methods. In addition, the disturbances of human activities on C, N, P, S are explored through the analysis of the spatial relationship between human disturbed landscapes and element anomalies, thereby determining the diversified rules of the effects. The study results show that the rules of different landscapes influencing C, N, P, S elements are diversified, and that the C element is closely related to city landscapes; furthermore, the elements N, P, and S are shown to be closely related to river landscapes; the relationships between mine landscapes and the elements C, N, P, S are apparent; the relationships between the elements C, N, P, S and road landscapes are quite close, which shows that road landscapes have significant effects on these elements. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the response mechanism analysis of human disturbance and soil chemical element aggregation is feasible, based on the landscape geochemical theories and methods. The spatial information techniques, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems, are effective for research on soil element migration.     

Land use change analysis in the Zhujiang Delta of China using satellite remote sensing,GIS and stochastic modelling

Rapid land use change has taken place in many coastal regions of China such as the Zhujiang Delta over the past two decades due to accelerated industrialization and urbanization. In this paper, land use change dynamics were investigated by the combined use of satellite remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and stochastic modelling technologies. The results indicated that there has been a notable and uneven urban growth and a tremendous loss in cropland between 1989 and 1997. The land use change process has shown no sign of becoming stable. The study demonstrates that the integration of satellite remote sensing and GIS was an effective approach for analyzing the direction, rate, and spatial pattern of land use change. The further integration of these two technologies with Markov modelling was found to be beneficial in describing and analyzing land use change process.     

风沙区农田防护林带生态规划设计研究

通过观测和研究 ,得出风沙区农田防护林带的走向与主风方向的交角 ,不能小于 45° ,主林带间距 15 0m——— 2 0 0m ,副林带间距 2 3 0m——— 70 0m ,林带结构以疏透结构为最好 ,主林带一般由主林木 5— 6行组成 ,副林带由 2— 3行组成 ,再在迎风面和背风面配置 1行— 2行灌木和针叶树     

Supported transition-metal oxide catalysts for reduction of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen to elemental sulfur

This work is for the purpose to find a high performance catalyst for the catalytic reduction of SO2 with H2 as a reducing agent. NiO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst was found to be the most active catalyst among the seven gamma-Al2O3-supported metal-oxide catalysts tested. With NiO as the active species, of the supports tested, gamma-Al2O3 was the most suitable one and the optimal Ni content was 16 wt%. Using this NiO/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst, we found that the optimal feed ratio of H2/SO2 is 2:1 and the catalyst presulfided with H2 + H2S exhibits a higher performance than that pretreated with H2 or He. XRD patterns reveal that the nickel oxide experienced a transformation to Ni3S2 and NiS, and then to NiS2, the most active nickel sulfide, during the reaction process. The reason for the highest catalyst activity of 16 wt% Ni was attributed to the largest amount of NiS2. Water vapor in the feed gas reactant caused inhibition of catalyst activity, whereas H2S promoted the reduction of SO2. These phenomena were rationalized with the aid of Claus reaction.     

Surface properties and catalytic performance of La(1-x)Sr(x)FeO(3) perovskite-type oxides for methane combustion

La(1-x)Sr(x)FeO(3) (x=0.0-1.0) perovskites were prepared and tested for the combustion of methane. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the presence of a single perovskite structure for substitutions 0x0.3, however Fe(2)O(3), SrCO(3) and SrFeO(3) phases were observed for substitutions x>0.3. The results of activity test indicate that with La(1-x)Sr(x)FeO(3) as the catalyst, the combustion of methane can take place at low temperatures around 400 degrees C. Partial substitution of La with Sr increases the activity and an optimal substitution fraction (x=0.5) exists in the La(1-x)Sr(x)FeO(3) catalysts. Catalyst activity can be well correlated to the product of the specific surface area and atomic ratio of Fe to La+Sr on the catalyst surface. Experimental results of O(2)-TPD and CH(4)-TPD in the range of 350-500 degrees C indicate that the amount of oxygen desorbed from the La(1-x)Sr(x)FeO(3) catalysts is far larger than that of methane. Therefore, it can be proposed that the catalytic oxidation of CH(4) over these catalysts proceeds with the surface reaction between CH(4) in the gas phase and the adsorbed O(2). Addition of water vapor or CO(2) to the feed inhibited catalyst activity, but the inhibition was reversible and became negligible at high reaction temperature.