锅炉监控仪表的改进与实践

在原有"锅炉高低水位报警器"的基础上,研制出锅炉智能监控仪表.该仪表系统实现了自动操作、失误防护、报警及连锁保护等功能,对锅炉各类事故有积极的预防作用.     

Anthropogenic nitrogen sources and exports in a village-scale catchment in Southeast China

An experimental village-scale catchment was selected for investigation of nitrogen (N) sources and exports. The mean N application rate over the catchment was 350.2 kg N ha⁻¹, but this rate varied spatially and temporally. The N leaching loss rate varied from 8.1 to 52.7 kg N ha⁻¹ under different land use regimes. The average N leaching loss rate was 13.4 kg N ha⁻¹ over the whole catchment, representing about 3.8% of the total N inputs. The N export rate through stormflows was 28.8 kg N ha⁻¹, about 8.2% of the total N inputs. Seasonal patterns showed that 95% of N exports through stormflows occurred during July to September in 2002. Overall, the maximum riverine N exports were 12.1% of total N inputs and 15.5% of the inorganic fertilizer N applied. Understanding N sources and exports in a village-scale catchment can provide a knowledge base for amelioration of diffuse agricultural pollution.     

Methods for the preparation of a biodesulfurization biocatalyst using Rhodococcus sp

Several methods to prepare a biodesulfurization (BDS) biocatalyst were investigated in this study using a strain of Rhodococcus sp. 1awq. This bacterium could selectively remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the "4S" pathway. DBT, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium sulphate and mixed sulfur sources were used to study their influence on cell density, desulfurization activity, desulfurization ability, and the cost of biocatalyst production. In contrast to that observed from bacteria cultured in DBT, only partial desulfurization activity of strain 1awq was induced by DBT after cultivation in a medium containing inorganic sulfur as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst, prepared from culture with mixed sulfur sources, was found to possess desulfurization activity. With DMSO as the sole sulfur source, the desulfurization activity was shown to be similar to that of bacteria incubated in medium with DBT as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst prepared by this method with the least cost could remove sulfur from hydrodesulfurization (HDS)-treated diesel oil efficiently, providing a total desulfurization percent of 78% and suggesting its cost-effective advantage.     

2株苯胺降解的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从处理印染废水的活性污泥中分离得到2株苯胺降解菌,从菌落、细胞形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因扩增测序等方面对2株菌进行了鉴定,并比较分析2株菌在好氧与缺氧条件下的苯胺降解、偶氮染料脱色及苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因tdnQ和黄素还原酶基因(fre)的携带情况.结果表明,2株菌属于Pseudomonas属和Shewanella属,分别命名为Pseudomonas sp.AN30和Shewanella sp.DN425.AN30菌株在振荡好氧条件下72h内对250mg/L苯胺的降解率为96.1%,DN425菌株的降解率为13.8%;在静置缺氧条件下AN30菌株的苯胺降解率为39.6%,DN425菌株的降解率仅为8.6%.DN425菌株在静置缺氧条件下4h内可将初始浓度为50 mg/L的偶氮染料酸性大红彻底脱色,而AN30菌株对酸性大红不具有脱色能力.以总DNA为模板,分别用tdnQ基因和fre基因特异性引物进行扩增,2株菌均能扩增出大小分别为380bp和630bp左右的目标条带,显示2菌株均携带有苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因和黄素还原酶基因.     

武钢签订安全生产目标责任状制度概述

概略地分析了武钢安全生产目标责任状制度的内容、作用和目的 ,以及实施和管理该责任制的一些主要做法、措施。通过实施签订安全生产目标责任状制度 ,促使各级领导、各部门落实安全生产责任制 ,取得了成效 ,确保了安全生产     

燃煤锅炉脱硫除尘装置改造

燃煤锅炉的湿式脱硫除尘装置常因净化液管路出现故障而影响到生产,主要是因为安装在其内的陶瓷嘴受高温烟尘的影响而爆裂,通过安装结构简单、性能可靠的自控系统使装置保持连续正常工作。     

絮凝剂用壳聚糖的中试生产研究

在实验室制备絮凝剂用壳聚糖的基础上,按工业化生产的要求对壳聚糖进行了中试生产研究.经正交试验确定了生产过程中脱钙、脱蛋白、脱乙酰等3步反应的最佳工艺参数. 由此中试工艺生产的壳聚糖的生产成本比国内同类产品下降了22%,生产周期缩短了66%,且主要性能指标均达到或超过国内外同类产品的水平.     

北京市大气细粒子的来源分析

细粒子(空气动力学直径小于2.5μm的颗粒物)污染是许多城市重要的大气环境问题.从1999年至2000年对北京市细粒子展开了4次采样和化学分析,有效采样天数为40d.利用正定矩阵分解(PMF)方法对细粒子的来源进行了分析.化学成分包括EC(元素碳)、有机物、SO₄^2-、F^-、Cl^-、Fe、Ca、K、Mg、Al、Na、Zn、Mn、Ti、Pb、Ba和P等17种.发现主要来源有6类:地面扬尘、建筑源、生物质燃烧、二次源、机动车排放和燃煤.     

有机磷农药对蛋白核小球藻的毒性相互作用研究

水体中农药复合污染产生的毒性效应具有潜在风险。为系统考察有机磷农药(OPs)混合物对淡水生态系统中绿藻的联合毒性效应,以马拉硫磷(MIT)、敌敌畏(DDVP)、敌百虫(TRC)、乐果(DIT)和氧乐果(OMT)等5种OPs作为混合物组分,运用直接均分射线法设计9组二元混合物体系共45条混合物射线。利用96孔微板测定5种OPs及其二元混合物对蛋白核小球藻(C. pyrenoidosa)的生长抑制毒性,通过基于置信区间的组合指数法分析混合物的联合毒性及毒性相互作用。结果表明,以p EC50为毒性指标,5种OPs对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性大小顺序为:TRCMITDDVPOMTDIT,OPs对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性大小受其中心磷原子的电正性影响;因混合组分的不同,部分OPs混合物对C. pyrenoidosa的联合毒性依赖于组分浓度比; OPs混合物对C. pyrenoidosa的毒性相互作用以加和为主,部分发生拮抗作用,发生拮抗作用的混合体系具有低效应区域呈加和作用,高效应区域呈拮抗作用的规律;与MIT混合的体系均有发生拮抗作用,且依赖于MIT浓度,MIT浓度比例越高,拮抗作用越强,OPs混合物的毒性相互作用与组分浓度比相关; OPs混合物的毒性相互作用组分浓度比依赖性与其联合毒性的组分浓度比依赖性规律不相关。