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11.
12.
Atsushi Nanami Yuuki Kawabata Taku Sato Tomofumi Yamaguchi Ryo Kawabe Kiyoshi Soyano 《Marine Biology》2014,161(3):669-680
White-streaked grouper (Epinephelus ongus) is an important fishery target that forms fish spawning aggregations (FSAs) at specific spawning grounds. The aims of the present study were to investigate migration behavior and returning behavior in terms of FSA using acoustic telemetry. Among the 30 specimens tracked, three types of movement pattern were observed: type 1, high site fidelity at the release area before the spawning period, migration to the spawning ground during the spawning period and return to the release area just after the spawning period (17 specimens); type 2, high site fidelity at the release area, disappearance from the area during the spawning period but was not detected at the spawning ground and return to the release area (8 specimens); and type 3, high site fidelity at the release area was observed before, during and after the spawning period (5 specimens). For the 17 specimens that were categorized into type 1, the dates of departure from their release area and the dates of return to the release area of males were, respectively, significantly earlier and later than those of females. The duration between the departure date and the return date (“duration away”) of males was significantly longer than that of females. The duration away tended to be positively related to the condition factor. All 25 specimens that were categorized as type 1 and type 2 showed returning behaviors to the release area. 相似文献
13.
Junichi Okuyama Takashi Kitagawa Kei Zenimoto Shingo Kimura Nobuaki Arai Yoshikazu Sasai Hideharu Sasaki 《Marine Biology》2011,158(9):2055-2063
We used Lagrangian numerical simulations to examine the trans-Pacific dispersal processes of loggerhead turtle hatchlings.
Ten thousand simulated particles were released from each of the three nesting regions in Japan and tracked for 5 years. Results
showed many particles moving eastward, drifting in the Kuroshio Current followed by the Kuroshio Extension Current. However,
no particles reached Baja California, a known feeding area, through passive processes, indicating that trans-Pacific transportation
requires active swimming by turtles. The duration of the trans-Pacific dispersal was estimated to be at least 1.6–3.4 years,
with some turtles drifting in the Kuroshio Countercurrent and remaining in the western Pacific even after 5 years. This indicates
that as revealed by previous genetic studies, not all loggerheads always disperse along a trans-Pacific route. The findings
showed that survival and expected growth rates varied widely according to ambient temperatures during drifting, which in turn
depended on nesting location. 相似文献
14.
Haruhiro Ino Yoshihisa Matsumoto Ryo Takahashi Kazukiyo Takami Junya Nishino Masaaki Itoh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):129-133
H-ZSM-5 zeolite-supported gallium oxides were studied as aromatization catalysts for polyolefin pyrolysate. The catalysts
were prepared by a conventional physical mixing method with a gallium content of 1.0 and 4.5 wt% and were reduced in flowing
hydrogen at 585°C. To test their activity, a polyolefin sample was pyrolyzed and passed over a heated catalyst layer; the
product was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor was used for aromatization
of a model gas of polyolefin pyrolysate. For chlorine-free sources at 450°C, the catalyst with only 1.0 wt% gallium exhibited
activity comparable to a gallium silicate catalyst. For chlorine-contaminated sources, the catalyst with 4.5 wt% gallium sustained
catalytic activity for long periods. From the activity test results, it was found that zeolite-supported gallium catalysts
prepared by the physical mixing method are suitable for converting polyolefin into aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献
15.
Masahiro Kamiya Yasuki Mori Takashi Kojima Ryo Sasai Hideaki Itoh 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):27-33
The recycling process for 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP) sintered at 1450°–1550°C was
examined by applying low-temperature degradation of zirconia ceramics under hydrothermal conditions. Hydrothermal treatment
at a temperature from 200° to 240°C can lead to the spontaneous disintegration of 3Y-TZP sintered bodies into powdery particles.
The hydrothermally obtained zirconia powder was found to consist of primary particles and aggregated particles. Detailed X-ray
diffraction measurement revealed the formation of a cubic zirconia phase in the 3Y-TZP sintered bodies, which seemed to inhibit
the disintegration of aggregated particles toward the primary particle level. The reclaimed 3Y-TZP powder was sintered again
through a conventional powder processing route. The mechanical properties and microstructure of recycled 3Y-TZP sintered specimens
were examined by comparison with those of the original 3Y-TZP sintered bodies. Dense recycled 3Y-TZP sintered at a higher
temperature exhibited higher fracture toughness to some degree than the original 3Y-TZP. 相似文献
16.
17.
Many African countries have adopted community-based forest management (CBFM) to prevent deforestation. However, empirical studies have not reached a consensus on the effectiveness of CBFM. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the establishment of participatory forest management associations in Ethiopia. We used remote sensing data to gauge the change in forest area and employed a two-stage least squares model to correct for possible biases. The results indicate that the forest area managed by forest associations declines more in the year of establishment than forest areas with no association. This finding suggests that villagers may engage in "last-minute" logging. However, 1 year after the establishment of the forest associations, the forest area of the associations increased substantially, most likely because the associations monitor illegal logging, enabling the regeneration of open areas within the registered forest area. On average, the forest area of the forest associations increased by 1.5?% in the first 2 years, whereas forest areas not managed as part of an association declined by 3.3?%. The cumulative impact over 2 years yields a net increase in the rate of change of 4.8?%. These results demonstrate that it is important to improve the monitoring of forest areas during the initial establishment of participatory forest management associations to maximize the effects of association establishment. 相似文献
18.
Hayato Hattori Ryo Yoshiie Hiroshi Moritomi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):284-292
In Japan, incineration ash is subjected to a melting process to reduce waste volume and to stabilize hazardous heavy metals.
In previous articles, we reported that large quantities of volatile metals are emitted under ash-melting conditions at temperatures
higher than 1200°C and that such emissions are considerably increased under reducing conditions. However, the emission behavior
in the presence of large amounts of char particles was unclear, and we suspected that emissions under these conditions might
differ from emissions under the previous conditions. Therefore, we investigated heavy metal emissions and the melting characteristics
of ash in the presence of carbon particles. In this experiment, a small crucible with ash and carbon was rapidly heated using
a high-frequency induction-heating furnace to simulate the melting ash gasification with carbon. As a result, it was found
that additive carbon can promote emissions of heavy metals such as zinc and lead and control the melt of the ash. 相似文献
19.
Yoshio Masuda Yasuhiro Yamanaka Yoshikazu Sasai Michimasa Magi Takashi Ohsumi 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(1):67-76
Site selection in CO2 ocean sequestration is examined based on the idea that a site where injected CO2 is efficiently diluted is favourable in reducing/avoiding biological impacts. Simulations of CO2 injection into several sites by an eddy-resolving oceanic general circulation model (OGCM) show that the maximum CO2 concentration differs by a factor of 10 among sites. The distribution of eddy activity is the most important causative factor producing the geographical differences in CO2 dilution. Based on the relationship between the maximum CO2 concentration and eddy activity, we estimated the distribution of the maximum CO2 injection rate by a proposed method, which does not cause chronic impacts on biota. Around Japan, extensive ocean volume has the potential to dilute 20 million tonnes per year without chronic impacts, and some areas can be injected with 80 million tonnes per year. 相似文献
20.
Nahid Akhtar Hidetoshi Inada Taisuke Kondo Ryo Funada 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2970-2976
To assess the effects of tropospheric O3 on rice cultivated in Bangladesh, four Bangladeshi cultivars (BR11, BR14, BR28 and BR29) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were exposed daily to charcoal-filtered air or O3 at 60 and 100 nl l−1 (10:00-17:00) from 1 July to 28 November 2008. The whole-plant dry mass and grain yield per plant of the four cultivars were significantly reduced by the exposure to O3. The exposure to O3 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate of the 12th and flag leaves of the four cultivars. The sensitivity to O3 of growth, yield and leaf gas exchange rates was not significantly different among the four cultivars. The present study suggests that the sensitivity to O3 of yield of the four Bangladeshi rice cultivars is greater than that of American rice cultivars and is similar to that of Japanese rice cultivars and that O3 may detrimentally affect rice production in Bangladesh. 相似文献