上海市大气PM2.5中溶剂可抽提有机物的特征研究

利用溶剂抽提、分离、毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用技术对2000年10月至2001年8月上海市5个不同功能区采集的大气PM_(2.5)样品中的溶剂可抽提有机物进行了检测,共检测出正构烷烃、单环芳烃、多环芳烃、有机酸、有机醇、有机酯等各类溶剂可抽提有机化合物267种。检出的82种多环芳烃中有15种属于美国EPA优先控制污染物名单。比较了不同季节、不同区域PM_(2.5)样品中正构烷烃、多环芳烃等化合物分布特征的差异。检出的喹啉类含氮杂环类化合物以及有机酸等污染物表现出一定的机动车排放特征。     

东昆仑五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段原生晕特征及模式

五龙沟金矿床Ⅲ矿段呈现以Au、As、Ag为主 ,伴有Pb、Zn、Cu、Bi、Sb等多元素的综合原生晕 ,其中Au、Ag、As为典型矿致异常元素组合 ,其次为Hg、Sb、Bi;Ag、As、Sb等元素为远程指示元素 ,也为矿体前缘晕和上部特征元素 ;Hg、Bi、Pb为矿体上部和中上部原生晕特征元素组合 ,也为中远程指示元素 ;Cu、Zn为矿体中部和中下部原生晕特征指示元素 ;Au在整个原生晕中均是特征直接指示元素 ;原生晕轴向分带序列为As-Sb-Ag-Bi-Pb-Hg-Au-Zn -Cu,横向分带序列为 ,矿体上部原生晕 :Au -Zn -Ag -Bi-As-Hg -Cu-Sb -Pb ;中下部原生晕 :Zn -Cu-Au -Ag -Hg-As-Pb -Sb -Bi。矿致原生晕特征为Au原生晕发育 ,平均强度大于 1 60× 1 9-9;原生晕组合复杂 ,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Hg、Bi、Zn原生晕连续性好 ,范围大于构造带 ,有内中外或外中浓度带 ,各指示元素原生晕吻合性好 ;一般在矿体 (带 )受中度剥蚀深度 (或矿体已露出 )断面上 ,Au -Ag和Au -As具正相关表现 ,相关性较好。这些特点或指标 ,可作为以蚀变岩型为主要类型金矿床的地球化学信息标志     

浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的分布规律

采用元素相关性分析方法，找出浦东新区大气气溶胶中碳颗粒的污染源，确证该区大气中碳颗粒主要来自煤的燃烧。同时初步找出浦东新区大气中碳颗粒污染的时空分布和粒径分布规律，为改善浦东 新区大气污染状况提供依据。     

蓟运河汞污染化学地理特征

通过对蓟运河汞污染化学地理研究,查清了河水沉积物中汞和甲基汞的含量范围,水平和垂直变化,以及空间分布;研究了汞存在的形态;揭示了汞在河流中的富集区;作出了河流汞污染状况的分区,初步提出了治理河道汞污染的途径。     

GIS在环境影响评价中的应用

简要介绍了环境影响评价（EIA）和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的特点，阐述了两者结合的必要性。讨论了GIS技术在环境影响评价领域中的应用现状，重点介绍了GIS技术在项目EIA、区域EIA、累积EIA及战略EIA，环境影响后评价中的应用。在此基础上进一步对GIS在环境影响评价中的应用进行了展望，重点介绍了GIS在公众参与中的应用及基于“5S”的EIA。     

接触氧化-电解工艺处理印染废水

主要介绍了采用生物接触氧化 电解工艺处理印染废水的设计及运行情况。处理系统运行结果表明 :当进水CODCr、BOD5和色度分别为 764 5mg L、2 63 7mg L和 42 0倍时 ,系统出水CODCr、BOD5和色度分别为 160 5mg L、48 9mg L和 12倍 ,去除率分别为 79%、81 5 %和 97 1%。该工艺运行稳定 ,操作控制方便     

人的安全性评价研究

随着人们对人在整个安全系统中的重要性认识的不断提高 ,如何对人的安全性进行科学的评价也就越来越显得重要。笔者在综合论述了目前我国对机车乘务人员、起重机械作业人员、驾驶员以及电力运行人员的安全性研究以及国外相关研究的基础上 ,提出了有关人的安全性评价的定义 ,并提出如何建立人的安全性评价体系以及对人的安全性评价的通用指标 ,探讨了在实际工作中如何运用上述指标去评价人的安全性。为人的安全性评价提供了一种有效的方法和新的研究思路     

Numerical Simulation of Synoptic Condition on a Severe Sand Dust Storm

By using observational data and MM5, an observational analysisand numerical study was conducted on the synoptic condition of a severe dust storm that was caused by a Mongolian cyclone whichoccurred from 6 to 8 April 2001. Results illustrated thatthe cyclogenesis was due to the isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) advection in the upper troposphere and the terrain modifiedbaroclinicity in the mid-lower troposphere. The Altai-Sayan complex of mountains blocked the lower level cold air and made the isentropic surface sharply steep. When the air slid down along the isentropic surface the increasing of baroclinicity anddecreasing of stability blew up the vertical vorticity development.The formation of the dust storm was a result of a cyclonic cold front passing across the area. The occurrence of this dust stormwas closely related to the strong surface wind, which was accompanied by a cold front passing, rather than the cyclogenesis, itself. Hence, the reason for the pre-front dust storm formulation was the formation of heating convection. Reasons behind the formation of a black storm (visibilitylower than 50 m), which occurred in the mid-north part ofInner Mongolia, lay in several aspects. Firstly, in thisarea the surface wind was strong, a direct result of thedownward transport in mid-lower troposphere. Secondly,the cold front passed over the effected area near sunsetso the air obtained much more surface heating to form adeeper mixed layer (ML). Thirdly, cooperation between thelower level wind and the terrain made the atmosphere inthis area and acquired the maximum advective contributionnecessary to form a deep post-front ML. The sensitivityexperiment revealed that surface heat flux was important to the frontal lifting. In addition, the forcing of surface heating wasalso seen as the primary forcing mechanism of frontogenesis. Meanwhile, removal of the surface heat flux made the atmosphericstratification became stable and the pre-storm ML very shallow,which weakened the strength of the dust storm.     

再燃法烟气脱硝技术

综述了再燃法烟气脱硝技术及其主要影响因素。通过对几种脱硝技术的分析比较，认为再燃脱硝是一种很有前景的脱硝技术，其投资和运行费用界于低NO。燃烧器和选择性催化还原技术之间，有喷氨条件下的先进再燃脱硝效率接近于选择性催化还原技术。总结了国内外对先进再燃脱硝技术各种参数影响条件的研究结果，并论述了该技术的应用要点。     

Use of Microbial Community to Evaluate Performance of a Wetland System in Treating Pb/Zn Mine Drainage

The performance of a wetland system in treating lead (Pb)/zinc (Zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (PFU) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by China as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. The wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis and Paspalum distichum. Physicochemical characteristics [pH, EC, content of total suspended solid (TSS) and metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu)] and PFU microbial community in water samples had been investigated from seven sampling sites. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and TSS in the mine drainage were gradually reduced from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system and 99%, 98%, 75%, 83%, and 68% of these metals and TSS respectively, had been reduced in concentration after the drainage passed through the wetland system. A total of 105 protozoan species were identified, the number of protozoa species and the diversity index (DI) gradually increased, while the heterotrophic index (HI) gradually decreased from the inlet to the outlet of the wetland system. The results indicated that DI, HI, and total number species of protozoa could be used as biological indicators indicating the improvement of water quality.