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31.
Population differences in anti-predator behaviour have been demonstrated in several species, although less is known about the genetic basis of these traits. To determine the extent of genetic differences in boldness (defined as exploration of a novel object) and shoaling within and between zebrafish (Danio rerio) populations, and to examine the genetic basis of shoaling behaviour in general, we carried out a study that involved laboratory-raised fish derived from four wild-caught populations. Controlling for differences in rearing environment, significant inter-population differences were found in boldness but not shoaling. A larger shoaling experiment was also performed using one of the populations as the basis of a North Carolina type II breeding design (174 fish in total) to estimate heritability of shoaling tendency. A narrow-sense heritability estimate of 0.40 was obtained, with no apparent dominance effects. 相似文献
32.
33.
M.?A.?de?FigueiredoEmail author D.?M.?Reiner H.?J.?Herzog 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):647-657
This paper examines how legal standards of liability may apply to geologic carbon storage. The liability regime governing
geologic carbon storage will shape the technology's cost-effectiveness and overall attractiveness. We classify potential sources
of liability into operational, in situ, and climate liability. As a first step, we explore in situ liability in the United States. After summarizing legal standards of liability including negligence, breach of implied warranty,
strict liability, and product liability, we discuss how liability may be addressed at the level of the federal government,
state government, industry, and the firm. Finally, we address the implications of judicial treatment of liability for carbon
storage, including the apportionment of liability and the adequacy of current regulations. 相似文献
34.
35.
Linda?Anderson-BerryEmail author David?King 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(3):367-392
Community mitigation of hazard impact requires hazard knowledge and preparedness on the part of the members of diverse and
complex communities. Longitudinal research in the tropical cyclone prone north of Australia has gathered extensive datasets
on community awareness, preparedness and knowledge, in order to contribute to education campaigns and mitigation strategies.
Data have been used to identify issues of vulnerability to cyclones and capacity to deal with the hazard. This has been developed
as a community vulnerability and capacity model that may be applied to diverse communities in order to assess levels of capability
to mitigate and deal with the cyclone hazard. The model is presented here in a simplified form as its development is evolving
and ongoing. 相似文献
36.
37.
北方庭院生态系统能量分析及养分平衡研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
以基于食用菌生产的北方庭院生态系统为研究对象,通过对沈阳南郊一典型农户庭院生态系统的能量分析与养分平衡研究表明,该庭院生态系统的产品总输出能为4187214MJ/a,其中平菇产品的生物能占654%;输入输出系统的N、P2O5及K2O基本上保持着养分平衡;该庭院生态系统是一个生产力高、综合效益可观的系统,对指导该地区农村庭院生态系统建设具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
38.
在对大背坞地区双桥山群变质岩中“斑点构造”研究的基础上发现了同生碎屑-一种发育于沉积岩中反映动荡沉积环境的典型沉积构造,为进一步证实双桥山群属于半深海-深海的浊流相沉积环境特点提供重要依据,通过详细的构造变形分析,确认双桥山群主要经历了区域紧闭褶皱和韧性剪切两期构造变形,运用平衡剖面方法和应变测量估算双桥山群褶皱变形的地壳缩短量为71.6%,双桥山群地层层内压扁变形压缩率为23.1%~45.3%,在对大背钨韧性剪切带进行系统研究后,建立了一套浅变质碎屑中进变质韧性剪切带的识别标志,进而对该区韧性剪切带进行 划分和厘定,同时依据韧性剪切带中同生碎屑和同构造变斑晶的应变测量结果(Kxz值),估算出大背坞韧性剪切带剪应变(γ)为1.01~2.13、最大剪位移量为0.6~0.8km。结合区域构造演化分析,认为双桥山群褶皱变形形成于晋宁期,韧性剪切变形发生于燕山期,前者是扬子地块基底岩系形成时期,后者是鹅湖花岗岩侵位和隆升过程中引发的花岗岩外围地区变质岩的以垂向剪切运动为特征的韧性剪切变形作用。 相似文献
39.
The Henze precipitate, a peculiar blue-green microparticulate obtained by lysis of the blood cells of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata (Protochordata), was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. The precipitate was collected from the Henze solution, an unstable red-brown product obtained by treating blood with distilled water, whose degradation yields a characteristic blue-green product. The microparticulates measured 50–100 µm in diameter and appeared irregular in shape. SEM examination showed smooth, roughly round boundaries. The microparticulate surface examined with AFM appeared as an irregular matrix formed by 70–320-nm-wide mammillate composites, including and embedding small (500–800 nm wide) crystal-like multilayered formations. X- ray analysis showed that the elements present in these same precipitates were mainly C, Si, Al and O. The microparticulate composition appeared close to those of natural waxes or lacquers, embedding amorphous silicates and/or other Si–Al components. The unusual occurrence of Si in ascidian blood and its role are discussed. 相似文献
40.
介绍了“国家机动车排污控制管理系统”数据库的研制、特点及使用方法。该数据库存储了大量的城市环境概况、机动车排放因子、排放标准、燃油标准和排放控制对策等信息,能系统、准确的提供国家级相关数据及法律依据,使各级环保部门和政府决策部门能迅速、准确地掌握全国或某城市的有关机动车的静态或动态的污染排放综合情况 相似文献