Asn57 N-glycosylation promotes the degradation of hemicellulose by β-1,3–1,4-glucanase from Rhizopus homothallicus

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - N-glycosylation alters the properties of different enzymes in different ways. Rhizopus homothallicus was first described as an environmental isolate...     

Residue levels and dietary risk assessment of fluopimomide,pyraclostrobin and its metabolite BF-500–3 in garlic ecosystems under field conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To evaluate the residue levels of fluopimomide, pyraclostrobin and its metabolite BF-500–3 in garlic ecosystems, supervised garlic field trials...     

水产养殖废水处理技术及应用

主要综述了国内外水产养殖废水的物理化学处理和生物处理 2方面的技术 ,并总结了水产养殖废水循环使用的水处理工艺流程和生物工程在水产养殖废水处理中的应用 ,表明了水产养殖废水的综合利用和无害化排放技术为今后发展方向。     

垃圾焚烧过程中影响重金属分布因素的研究

在转式垃圾焚烧炉和固定床加热炉中,研究了有机垃圾焚烧过程中温度、水分、无机氯及有机氯对几种重金属分布的影响。研究结果表明,焚烧垃圾过程中焚烧温度对重金属分布特性的影响特性不一,重金属锌和铅容易转移到气相中去,而重金属镍和铬大部分是以固态形式残留在底渣中;水能与重金属及其化合物发生反应,引起物质转变,影响重金属的分布;氯的存在也影响重金属的分布特性,氯的参与使重金属更易向飞灰或烟气中迁移。     

改善深圳河水质的补水方案及生态影响初步分析

深圳河旱季天然径流量小而污染负荷高,为了改善河流水质,在削减入河污染物的同时有必要采取补水措施。利用水质模型,计算了不同污水处理率下,分别以污水资源化再生水、珠江口海水和大鹏湾海水为补水水源时,深圳河达到基本不黑臭所需的补水量。讨论了补水方案对河流水质、盐度、水动力条件的改变及其对生态系统的影响。研究表明,引海水对河流生态系统的冲击不容忽视。而污水资源化是较优的补水方案。     

青海玉树7.1级地震震害特点分析及启示

根据2010年4月14日玉树7.1级地震震害现场调查资料,对其震害特点进行了全面的分析总结,阐述了震区环境及其地质构造背景,对断层效应及场地效应等也进行了分析,并归纳总结了防震减灾的经验与启示。     

高填方多级挡墙路堤变形及稳定性分析

针对高填方路堤回填料分层碾压施工中呈现出超固结、剪胀和时间相依等复杂变形特征,以高填方多级挡墙路堤为例,通过现场勘查、室内试验以及变形监测获得回填土石料的力学性质,分别采用摩尔库仑、修正剑桥以及基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性二次开发本构模型,逐步表征路堤回填料的超固结、剪胀以及时间相依变形行为,并结合单元试验以及现场沉降监测数据反演综合确定三种本构模型材料,对比分析三种本构模型模拟高填方路堤施工及工后变形的差异,最后利用有限元强度折减法分析该高填方多级挡墙路堤的稳定性。计算结果表明:在路堤填筑初期(21 d),基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性模型和修正剑桥模型相比摩尔库仑模型考虑了先期固结应力,计算沉降量结果稍小;随着施工填筑的进行(100 d),一旦超过先期固结应力后,三种模型的沉降量变化逐渐接近;随着时间的增长,仅基于下负荷面的弹粘塑性模型能计算路堤的长期沉降,预测该路堤顶10 a工后沉降17 cm,满足工后沉降要求;同时发现路堤水平侧移呈“S”型内倾的变化特点,且通过有限元法强度折减计算得到边坡稳定性最小安全系数和最危险滑动面,均满足边坡稳定性要求,路堤边坡的失稳预警位移为4.6 cm。     

Health impacts of air pollution in China

•Impacts of air pollution on various body systems health in China were highlighted. •China’s actions to control air pollution and their effects were briefly introduced. •Challenges and perspectives of the health effects of air pollution are provided. The health effects of air pollution have attracted considerable attention in China. In this review, the status of air pollution in China is briefly presented. The impacts of air pollution on the health of the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the nervous system, the digestive system, the urinary system, pregnancy and life expectancy are highlighted. Additionally, China’s actions to control air pollution and their effects are briefly introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of the health effects of air pollution are provided. We believe that this review will provide a promising perspective on the health impacts of air pollution in China, and further elicit more attention from governments and researchers worldwide.     

Photocatalytic degradation of the acetaminophen by nanocrystal-engineered TiO2 thin film in batch and continuous system

• Photocatalytic activity was improved in TiO₂ thin film by rapid thermal annealing. • Photoreactor was designed for TiO₂ thin film. • Considerable reusability and durability of prepared photocatalysts were studied. Un-biodegradable pharmaceuticals are one of the major growing threats in the wastewaters. In the current study, TiO₂ thin film photocatalysts were designed by nanocrystal engineering and fabricated for degradation of the acetaminophen (ACE) in a photocatalytic reaction under UV light irradiation in batch and continuous systems. The photocatalyst was prepared by sputtering and then engineered by thermal treatment (annealing at 300℃ (T300) and 650℃ (T650)). The annealing effects on the crystallinity and photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ film were completely studied; it was found that annealing at higher temperatures increases the surface roughness and grain size which are favorable for photocatalytic activity due to the reduction in the recombination rate of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. For the continuous system, a flat plate reactor (FPR) was designed and manufactured. The photocatalytic performance was decreased with the increase of flow rate because the higher flow rate caused to form the thicker film of the liquid in the reactor and reduced the UV light received by photocatalyst. The reusability and durability of the samples after 6 h of photocatalytic reaction showed promising performance for the T650 sample (annealed samples in higher temperatures).     

石盘丘小流域不同土地利用方式下土壤氮磷流失形态及通量

为了解三峡库区小流域不同土地利用方式下土壤氮、磷流失特征,为农业非点源污染防控提供科学依据;采用田间试验的方法,研究了三峡库区石盘丘小流域水田、旱坡地、林地、柑橘园和菜地这5种土地利用方式下地表径流不同形态氮、磷流失浓度与通量的特征.结果表明：全氮流失通量的顺序为水田[17.73 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 柑橘园[4.86 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 旱坡地[4.33 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 菜地[4.00 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 林地[2.41 kg·（hm²·a）^-1];全磷流失通量的顺序为菜地[4.97 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 柑橘园[1.87 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 水田[0.93 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 林地[0.27 kg·（hm²·a）^-1] > 旱坡地[0.19 kg·（hm²·a）^-1];5种土地利用方式下氮、磷流失主要集中在降雨频繁的4~5月,占全年氮、磷流失总负荷的53.80%~96.52%和56.03%~87.78%;氮流失主要以硝态氮（16.16%~52.70%）的形态流失,全氮流失通量与径流量呈现出显著正相关关系（R²=0.9826）;在菜地中颗粒磷是磷流失的主要形态（83.30%）,但在其他土地利用方式中表现不显著.不同土地利用方式下不同形态氮、磷流失存在显著差异,其中菜地应针对强降雨情况下颗粒磷流失的问题采取措施,水田应避免在降雨集中时期施肥;科学施肥和合理地土地利用方式配置是治理小流域农业非点源污染的重要途径.