城市边缘区土地利用动态规划管理系统

城市边缘区是城市中最活跃、变化最为迅速的地区，是城市研究的重点地区之一。在分析了城市边缘区土地利用结构特征以及土地利用结构的形成机制的基础上，设计了城市边缘区土地利用动态规划管理系统，包括动态监测子系统、预警子系统和决策子系统三部分。系统的建立围绕边缘区土地的增值特点和土地利用动态更替规律，通过对边缘区土地质量和地价的动态评价，模拟边缘区土地利用的动态更替趋势，在此基础上，从生态环境效益、社会效益和经济效益三方面对边缘区已有的土地利用规划进行分析和调整，并据此提出管理措施。作为一个循环反馈的运行机制，系统充分利用经济杠杆作为调节的终结，以保证规划的合理调整和实施可能，从而促进边缘区土地利用结构的优化。     

大兴安岭地区岛状林沼泽CH4和N2O排放及其影响因子

沼泽湿地CH₄、N₂O的排放,尤其是高纬度沼泽湿地,对于评估北半球温室气体排放具有重要意义。在2011 年生长季利用野外静态箱-气相色谱法对大兴安岭地区两种典型湿地岛状林沼泽（白桦和兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽）CH₄、N₂O排放通量进行了研究,分析CH₄、N₂O排放通量的季节特征,并探讨温度、水位主控因子对CH₄、N₂O排放通量的影响。结果表明：①生长季白桦（Betula platyphylla）和兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）岛状林沼泽CH₄通量除春季白桦岛状林沼泽出现排放峰值外,两样地CH₄都处于弱吸收现象;N₂O排放高峰期分别在初夏、春两季。白桦和兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽CH₄、N₂O 排放通量依次为-60.61、-93.21 μg·m^-2 ·h^-1 和82.92、 45.06 μg·m^-2 ·h^-1。②兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽生长季CH₄、N₂O 排放通量分别与10~40 cm 和 15~40 cm土壤温度呈显著负相关性;而白桦岛状林沼泽CH₄排放通量仅与40 cm土壤温度呈显著负相关,两种类型沼泽均与土壤含水率未呈显著相关性。③白桦和兴安落叶松岛状林沼泽生长季CH₄、N₂O总通量分别为-2.21、-2.74 kg·hm^-2和2.74、0.93 kg·hm^-2;表现为大气CH₄弱吸收的汇,N₂O弱排放的源。     

河南省温室气体排放评估和应对气候变化策略研究

本文评估了河南省温室气体排放总量。并结合评估结果,提出了促进河南省控制温室气体排放、适应气候变化的策略。     

A Novel Subgenotype of Torque teno Virus 1 (TTSuV1) in Slaughter Pigs in China

TTsuV1 can cause persistent infection and unidentified clinical signs in pigs. In this study, a survey of TTsuV1 prevalence was conducted in slaughter pigs from Henan, Liaoning, and Shandong provinces in China. A total of 180 swine lymphoid tissues were assayed by PCR with primers targeting the conserved 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR). The results showed that a 17.8 % positive rate, and different genotypes were detected. TTSuV1 presented higher viral load and prevalence in inguinal lymph node than in submandibular lymph node samples. All TTsuV1 isolates have 84–100 % nucleotide sequence homology in the 5′-UTR region and can be grouped into three subgenotypes (TTsuV1_a-1, TTsuV1_a-2, and TTsuV1_b). Notably, the novel genetic subtype TTsuV1_b was first reported in slaughter pigs.     

次灵敏线测定电镀污泥中高含量镍

对采用次灵敏线测定电镀污泥中高含量的镍进行了探讨。试验表明,在镍含量0．00～100．Omg／L时,镍含量与溶液吸光度呈线性关系。线性回归方程为Y=0．00436x＋0．006,相关系数y=0．9997。方法精密度RSD〈2．86％,加标回收率为93．7％～106％。同时校准曲线常温下放置,至少可稳定1a。     

Relationship between nutrients and plankton biomass in the turbidity maximum zone of the Pearl River Estuary

Nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic carbon and plankton (bacterio-, phyto- and zoo-) were compared in the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) and adjacent areas (non-TMZ) in the Pearl River estuary. Our results showed that high levels of suspended substances had marked effect on dynamics of nutrients and plankton in the TMZ. Based on the cluster analysis of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations, all stations were divided into two groups, TMZ with average TSS of 171 mg/L and non-TMZ of 45 mg/L. Suspended substances adsorbed PO₄^3 − and dissolved organic carbon, resulting in higher particulate phosphorus and organic carbon (POC) and lower PO₄^3 − and DOC in the TMZ, compared to the non-TMZ. However, suspended substances had limited effect on nitrogenous nutrients. Phytoplankton growth was light-limited due to high concentrations of suspended substances in the TMZ and a peak of phytoplankton abundance appeared in the non-TMZ. In contrast, the highest bacterial abundance occurred in the TMZ, which was likely partly responsible for low DOC levels. Two peaks of zooplankton abundance observed in the TMZ and non-TMZ in the Pearl River estuary were primarily supported by bacteria and phytoplankton, respectively. Our finding implied that high levels of suspended solids in the TMZ affect the trophic balance.     

Potential acute effects of suspended aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles on soluble microbial products (SMP) of activated sludge

The study aims to identify the potential acute effects of suspended aluminum nitride (AlN)nanoparticles (NPs) on soluble microbial products (SMP) of activated sludge. Cultured activated sludge loaded with 1, 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L of AlN NPs were carried out in this study. As results showed, AlN NPs had a highly inverse proportionality to bacterial dehydrogenase and OUR, indicating its direct toxicity to the activated sludge viability. The toxicity of AlN NPs was mainly due to the nano-scale of AlN NPs. In SMP, AlN NPs led to the decrease of polysaccharide and humic compounds, but had slight effects on protein. The decrease of tryptophan-like substances in SMP indicated the inhibition of AlN NPs on the bacterial metabolism. Additionally, AlN NPs reduced obviously the molecular weight of SMP, which might be due to the nano-scale of AlN.     

负载铁生物炭对雄黄矿尾渣砷的钝化效果

湖南石门雄黄矿矿区内大量As含量极高的尾渣,严重威胁着当地环境安全与居民生命健康.为推动实现对雄黄矿高As尾渣的稳定化处理,系统分析了FeBC（负载铁生物炭）对雄黄矿尾渣中As的钝化效果,并对FeBC钝化As的发生机制进行探讨.结果表明:水平振荡试验和合成沉降浸出试验（synthetic precipitation leaching procedure,SPLP）中尾渣As的浸出浓度分别为103.7和173.5 mg/L;FeBC的加入[矿渣与FeBC的比例（w/w）为4:1]使尾渣中As的浸出浓度降低72.2%~79.2%.在以模拟酸雨为淋溶液的柱试验中,FeBC处理使淋出液中ρ（As）下降79.1%~99.3%,As淋失总量减少92.8%,但酸雨淋溶量的持续增加使出水中ρ（As）随pH的降低而缓慢上升.FTIR（傅里叶红外光谱）分析发现,FeBC表面负载的Fe原子通过羟基与砷酸根之间的配位基交换作用吸附As是FeBC高效钝化尾渣中As的关键机制;同时,生物炭载体表面含氧官能团还可能通过氢键与As氧合阴离子或分子发生了吸附反应.研究显示,FeBC在钝化雄黄矿尾渣中高含量As方面具有突出优势,可用于快速降低矿渣中As的浸出毒性;但在长期酸雨淋溶条件下,可能需要设置酸度缓冲层以充分保障FeBC钝化As作用的稳定性和持久性.      

抗锶放线菌的分子鉴定及对Sr~(2+)的吸附效果和初步吸附机理分析

从大亚湾核电站附近水体中分离筛选出一株抗锶放线菌(编号YF-64),研究了该菌株在不同环境参数条件下对锶的吸附效果和初步机理,通过形态和16S rDNA序列相结合的方法对菌株进行了分类鉴定,采用红外光谱(FT-IR)分析技术对菌株吸附前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制。结果表明,抗锶菌株隶属于天蓝黄链霉菌(基因序列登录号:JF901702),菌株对Sr~(2+)具有较强的吸附效果,根据数据显示,当接触时间为50 min,pH值为6,Sr~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg/L,摇床转速为120 r/min时,该菌株的吸附效果达到最佳为44.29 mg/g;FT-IR结果显示,JF901702菌株对Sr~(2+)的吸附主要是由细胞壁上的羟基,次甲基,羰基起主要吸附作用。由此可知,JF901702菌株可作为经济、高效、环境友好的生物吸附材料进行废水重金属处理。     

壳聚糖-粉煤灰蒸压砖粉末-化感物质复合除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻去除效能的研究

利用建筑垃圾粉煤灰蒸压砖粉末与壳聚糖、化感物质(N-苯基-1-萘胺和N-苯基-2-萘胺)混合制备复合除藻剂用于去除铜绿微囊藻,考察各种物质的最佳投加量对藻细胞去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在最优条件下,复合除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻的去除率达99%以上。该复合除藻剂对景观水的治理具有指导意义。