油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究进展

针对油气田开发过程中,大量设备/管道承受高压/高流速多相流体中固相颗粒的冲蚀磨损作用,易导致损伤失效情况,系统梳理了国内外对材料冲蚀磨损主控因素的研究成果,着重分析了金属材料力学特性、多相流体特性、固相颗粒特性和冲蚀磨损条件等4类因素对金属材料冲蚀速率的影响规律,指出了当前油气田设备多相流冲蚀磨损主控因素研究在分析方法方面仍存在不足,并为后续研究工况设置、实验装置使用方式提出了建议。     

Spatial distribution of health risks for residents located close to solvent-consuming industrial VOC emission sources

Emissions derived from the consumption of organic solvents have been proven to be the primary industrial source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conjunction with epidemiologic studies, water-based paints (WBPs) and solvent-based paints (SBPs) were selected as representatives of newly developed solvents and traditional solvents, respectively, to simulate the effects of consuming solvents emitted during industrial production. And non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to residents near emission sources were studied in detail. The results showed that the spatial distribution of health risks varied with meteorological conditions and type of emission source, and the prevailing wind direction strongly affected the distribution range and shape of the influenced area. The areas of influence maximized on heavy-polluting days for both WBP and SBP emission sources with the total span reaching 804 m and 16 km, respectively; meanwhile, the areas of influence for carcinogenic risk resulting from WBP emission sources were 1.2 and 2.3 times greater than those measured on fine and rainy days, respectively, and 1.8 and 2.9 times greater for SBP emission sources. Compared with WBPs, the total spans of negatively influenced regions resulting from SBP emission sources were 10.4, 12.5 and 19.9 times greater on fine, rainy and heavy-polluting days, respectively. Therefore, carcinogenic risk was the dominant health threat for populations residing close to solvent-consuming industrial emission sources. The findings suggest that newly developed solvents are capable of significantly reducing consequent health threats, nevertheless, they could still pose occasional threats to nearby residents under specific meteorological conditions.     

海洋工程对砂质海岸演变的影响——以海南万宁日月湾人工岛为例

日月岛工程的建设,使日月湾海湾的侵蚀和淤积在短期内发生了快速的变化,西南侧海岸的侵蚀威胁了陆侧青皮林自然保护区的生长。对日月湾海岸进行监测管理变得刻不容缓。结合多时相遥感影像和四期实测岸滩数据,探讨日月岛工程的建设对日月湾海岸的冲淤影响。日岛岛影区岸滩淤涨,2016年已形成连岛沙坝,总淤积宽度约370 m,长度约1500 m;日岛东北侧受日岛建成后波浪折射与绕射等的影响发生侵蚀现象,最大侵蚀宽度约20m,长度约380 m。日岛西南侧出现严重的侵蚀后退现象,侵蚀宽度约40 m,长度约2000 m。月岛工程的建设改善了西南侧的侵蚀现象,然而仍有约800 m的岸线处于侵蚀状态。综合考虑自然因素与技术条件,丁坝、人工补沙与厚藤生态养护结合的海岸修复方式是适用于日月湾海岸的修复方法。     

滑坡灰色系统预测模型及其应用

本文在分析目前国内外滑坡灰色预测预报模型基础上，提出了一种新的滑坡灰色系统预测预报模型。该模型相对於过去常用的灰色模型考虑了更多的影响因素，有更高的可信度。它不仅可用作滑波的临滑预报，还可用于般监测信息的预测。     

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for Village-in-City

1 INTRODUCTIONAs a special pattern of community in city, "village-in-city"has objectively existed for many years, but it is only inrecent years that the phenomenon of "village-in-city" hasreally aroused the attention of scholars, government andmedia. The attention of government and media is mainlyfocused on the urban managerial problems that areproduced by "village-in-city", while the academic circlestry to explain the phenomenon of "village-in-city" andput forward measures in the academic…     

Peroxymonosulfate enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and simultaneously cathodic recycling of silver

Degradation of organic contaminants with simultaneous recycling of Ag⁺ from silver-containing organic wastewater such as photographic effluents is desired. Although photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology is a good candidate for this type of wastewater, its reaction kinetics still needs to be improved. Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was employed to enhance the PEC kinetics for oxidation of phenol (PhOH) at the anode and reduction of Ag⁺ at the cathode. The degradation efficiency of phenol (PhOH, 0.1 mmol/L) was increased from 42.8% to 96.9% by adding 5 mmol/L PMS at a potential of 0.25 V. Meanwhile, the Ag (by wt%) deposited on the cathode was 28.1% (Ag₂O) in PEC process, while that of Ag (by wt%) was 69.7% (Ag⁰) by adding PMS. According to the electrochemistry analysis, PMS, as photoelectrons acceptor, enhances the separation efficiency of charges and the direct h⁺ oxidation of PhOH at the photoanode. Meantime, the increasing cathode potential avoided H₂ evolution and strongly alkaline at the surface of cathode, thus enabling the deposition of Ag⁺ in the form of metallic silver with the help of PMS. In addition, PMS combined with PEC process was effective in treating photographic effluents.     

铈离子光催化降解茜素绿的性能和机理简

主要研究了简单铈离子（Ce³⁺）在紫外光（UV）的作用下对蒽醌染料茜素绿（AG）的光催化降解效果和反应机理。结果表明，UV/Ce³⁺体系能够有效降解AG，初始反应速率随AG浓度的倒数值和Ce³⁺浓度的增加而线性增加，随初始溶液pH的增加先降低后增加，在酸性条件下有很高的TOC去除率。荧光探针实验表明，反应过程中可以产生·OH自由基。UV/Ce³⁺体系对其他类型染料和对硝基苯酚都有较好的降解效果。     

鄱阳湖乐安江流域非点源氮污染时空变化特征分析

乐安江是影响鄱阳湖水质的一条重要河流，近年来非点源污染迅速增加，水质呈下降趋势。运用GIS手段建立了研究区非点源污染的基本空间信息库，在野外水样监测和土地利用调查的基础上，分析了乐安江流域非点源氮的时空变化特征。氮的流失主要以可溶态形式，TN和DTN全年变化剧烈，在12月份普遍较高，4月份次之，9月份最低。在监测各月份乐安江流域TN浓度的范围为0.09~1.359 mg/L，水质属中营养水平。NO3-N浓度平均值为DTN的65%，是DTN流失的主要形态，其时空分布与TN具有明显的相似性；在丰水期4月份，NH3-N的平均浓度为全年最低水平，平水期9月份NH3-N平均浓度为三氮之首；NO2-N全年含量最低。各种形态的氮浓度在空间上从上游向下游基本呈增加趋势；西南部地区各种形态的氮浓度普遍高于东北部地区，说明上游水质普遍好于下游水质。     

双波长紫外吸收法有机废水COD测量技术与仪器设计

紫外吸收法直接测定有机废水COD是一种无需化学试剂、无样品前处理、无二次污染的绿色无损检测技术,但在实际应用中发现,有机废水中的悬浮物对测量结果产生较大影响.以实际废水水样为例,详细阐述了双波长紫外吸收法测量有机废水COD的操作方法及其消除悬浮物干扰的原理,并介绍了运用该技术设计开发的COD在线测量仪器.该仪器采用嵌入式计算机系统实时采集和处理数据,根据实际废水在双波长测量条件下的有效紫外吸光度快速推算出其COD值,具有快速、准确、无污染的特点.     

Measurement and spatial convergence analysis of China’s agricultural green development index

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural green development index (AGDI), this paper uses entropy weight method and linear weighted...