湿地植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)对镉的富集特征及生理响应

以人工湿地修复镉污染水体时,植物在镉离子的沉淀、吸收和积累等过程中起着关键作用,但当前报道的镉富集植物种类较少,湿地植物对镉胁迫的生长及生理响应缺乏系统研究,限制了湿地植物在镉污染水体修复中的应用。笔者以常见湿地植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)为对象,设置了4个镉处理浓度(0、0.5、1和2 mg·L~(-1)),研究了水蓼对镉的富集特征以及生长和生理响应。水蓼根、茎和叶的镉含量(以干重计)随镉处理浓度的增加而升高,处理30 d时,在2 mg·L~(-1)处理下分别达到134、47和48 mg·kg~(-1)。处理30 d时,在1 mg·L~(-1)的镉处理下,水蓼的地上部及地下部富集系数和转运系数最高,地上部和地下部富集系数分别为45.6和111.7,转运系数为0.41。在处理15 d时,水蓼生物量、叶绿素含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在2 mg·L~(-1)处理下显著降低。在处理30 d时,水蓼的总生物量在不同镉浓度下无显著差异,但丙二醛(MDA)含量、SOD和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在0.5～2 mg·L~(-1)镉处理下均显著升高,叶绿素含量下降。这些结果表明,水蓼可以通过提高抗氧化酶活性等机理抵抗镉胁迫产生的氧化伤害,并且水蓼对镉的富集和转运系数较高,具有在镉污染水体修复中应用的潜力。     

Dual-reaction-center catalytic process continues Fenton’s story

• Dual-reaction-center (DRC) system breaks through bottleneck of Fenton reaction. • Utilization of intrinsic electrons of pollutants is realized in DRC system. • DRC catalytic process well continues Fenton’s story. Triggered by global water quality safety issues, the research on wastewater treatment and water purification technology has been greatly developed in recent years. The Fenton technology is particularly powerful due to the rapid attack on pollutants by the generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH). However, both heterogeneous and homogeneous Fenton/Fenton-like technologies follow the classical reaction mechanism, which depends on the oxidation and reduction of the transition metal ions at single sites. So even after a century of development, this reaction still suffers from its inherent bottlenecks in practical application. In recent years, our group has been focusing on studying a novel heterogeneous Fenton catalytic process, and we developed the dual-reaction-center (DRC) system for the first time. In the DRC system, H₂O₂ and O₂ can be efficiently reduced to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in electron-rich centers, while pollutants are captured and oxidized by the electron-deficient centers. The obtained electrons from pollutants are diverted to the electron-rich centers through bonding bridges. This process breaks through the classic Fenton mechanism, and improves the performance and efficiency of pollutant removal in a wide pH range. Here, we provide a brief overview of Fenton’s story and focus on combing the discovery and development of the DRC technology and mechanism in recent years. The construction of the DRC and its performance in the pollutant degradation and interfacial reaction process are described in detail. We look forward to bringing a new perspective to continue Fenton’s story through research and development of DRC technology.     

Enrichment and characterization of an effective hexavalent chromium-reducing microbial community YEM001

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chromium (Cr) is one of the most widely used heavy metals in industrial processes, resulting in water and soil pollution that seriously threaten...     

高压脉冲电晕放电等离子体降解废水中苯酚

考察了多种因素对高压脉冲电晕放电低温等离子体法降解水中苯酚效果的影响 .提高脉冲电压峰值和放电频率、延长放电时间等均可大大提高降解效果 .自由基清除剂如正丁醇和缓冲剂如硼酸盐的存在均会显著降低降解效果 .1 0 0mg·L- 1苯酚废水溶液放电处理 1 80min ,最高降解率达 67 3 % .当放电处理 42 0min时 ,废水的TOC下降 83 8% .     

The behaviors and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a coking wastewater treatment plant

The occurrence, behaviors and fate of 18 PAHs were investigated in a coking wastewater treatment plant in Songshan coking plant, located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province of China. It was found that the target compounds occurred widely in raw coking wastewater, treated effluent, sludge and gas samples. In raw coking wastewater, high molecular weight (MW) PAHs were the dominant compounds, while 3-6 ring PAHs predominated in the final effluent. The dominant compounds in gas samples were phenathrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, while they were fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene and benzo[k]fluoranthene for sludge. The process achieved over 97% removal for all the PAHs, 47-92% of eliminations of these target compounds in liquid phase were achieved in biological stage. Different behaviors of PAHs were observed in the primary tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, hydrolytic tank and coagulation tank units, while heavier and lower ones were mainly removed in anaerobic tank and aerobic tanks, respectively. Regarding the fate of PAHs, calculated fractions of mass losses for low MW PAHs due to transformation and adsorption to sludge accounted for 15-50% and 24-49%, respectively, while the rest was less than 1%. For high MW PAHs, the mass losses were mainly due to adsorption to sludge and separation with tar (contributing 56-76% and 22-39%, respectively), and the removal through transformation was less.     

Shewanellasp．XB缺氧反硝化降解苯酚

苯酚的生物降解一直受到关注。以苯酚为惟一电子供体，研究了Shewanellasp．XB对苯酚的缺氧降解特性。研究结果表明，在反硝化条件下，当C／N为13．3时，苯酚可以完全降解，NO2--N积累量很少。另外，当加入氧化还原介体，如核黄素3μmol／L、AQDS0．01mmol／L、AQS0．05mmol／L和LQ0．01mmol／L时，苯酚降解速率分别为不加介体时的1．45、1．77、1．67和1．63倍。当以氯化铵代替硝酸盐时，苯酚也能进行厌氧发酵降解。另外，菌株XB反硝化降解苯酚可能是厌氧和好氧降解的混合过程。     

Shewanella sp.XB缺氧反硝化降解苯酚

苯酚的生物降解一直受到关注。以苯酚为惟一电子供体,研究了Shewanella sp.XB对苯酚的缺氧降解特性。研究结果表明,在反硝化条件下,当C/N为13.3时,苯酚可以完全降解,NO-2-N积累量很少。另外,当加入氧化还原介体,如核黄素3μmol/L、AQDS 0.01 mmol/L、AQS 0.05 mmol/L和LQ 0.01 mmol/L时,苯酚降解速率分别为不加介体时的1.45、1.77、1.67和1.63倍。当以氯化铵代替硝酸盐时,苯酚也能进行厌氧发酵降解。另外,菌株XB反硝化降解苯酚可能是厌氧和好氧降解的混合过程。     

Anthropogenic pollution and variability of manganese in alluvial sediments of the Yellow River,Ningxia, northwest China

Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a global concern and can be a serious problem in heavily industrialized parts of the world. Pollution by manganese is particularly common due to its ubiquitous natural occurrence, ease of mobilization, and extensive association with industry. In Ningxia, China, manganese pollution of Yellow River alluvial sediments was assessed by comparing manganese concentrations in 35 sediment samples with background values derived from similar sediments obtained at sites considered remote from potential sources of contamination. Natural background values of manganese were found to range from 192 to 323 mg/kg for surface sediments, and from 220 to 325 and 283 to 394 mg/kg for subsurface sediments at depths of 45–50 and 95–100 cm, respectively. In the study area, manganese content ranged from 565 to 1,363 mg/kg, indicating anthropogenic pollution extending to a depth of at least 1 m in the study area. All 35 samples were found to exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC) of 460 mg/kg, below which adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are not expected to occur, and one sample (T12) was found to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1,100 mg/kg. PEC defines the threshold above which adverse effects are likely to be observed. Variogram analysis of the surface sediment manganese data revealed adherence to a Gaussian model, and ordinary kriging was used to generate a manganese distribution map. Analysis of the high nugget effect ratio indicates high, small-scale variations that are consistent with potential emissions from an adjacent electrolytic manganese plant.     

水培彩叶草抑制藻类繁殖的试验研究

通过人为控制光照、温度和培养液体积栽种水培彩叶草(简称彩叶草),并对彩叶草的抑藻能力进行测定,分析了彩叶草抑藻过程中营养物质浓度变化,并与凤眼莲的抑藻效果进行对比.结果表明,在不同培养条件下,彩叶草均能明显抑制藻类的过度生长；在保持培养液营养物质自然变化的条件下,栽种彩叶草与不栽种彩叶草培养液的营养物质浓度均直线下降,...     

基于重力加载比例法的岩质边坡稳定性分析

根据岩质边坡的稳定性主要由边坡内部的结构面所控制的特点,采用有限元重力加载比例法对含有一组平行节理面和含两组节理面的岩质边坡进行数值模拟,分析表明:与强度折减法相比,采用有限元重力加载比例法能更加快速地计算出岩质边坡的安全系数,节省计算耗时和人工干预的工作量,并能通过塑性应变的发展分析其破坏过程,确定潜在的滑动面。