闽南城市区域空气中挥发性有机物的污染特征

采用美国EPA TO-15的方法,研究了2011年3月份闽南城市区域空气中VOCs的含量及其污染特征。结果表明:1)漳州工业区空气的VOCs浓度为200.5μg/m3,污染较为严重;厦门交通干道VOCs浓度为74.0μg/m3,泉州商住区的VOCs浓度77.1μg/m3,污染较轻。2)漳州工业区采样点TOP5占TVOCs的比例最高,达77.3%;厦门交通干道与泉州商住区两采样点的TOP5占TVOCs的比例相近,分别为64.1%和62.0%。在所有的采样点中出现的TOP5组分比较集中,主要包括甲苯、苯、二氯甲烷、异丙醇、乙酸乙酯、1,1-二氯乙烯、萘等。3)机动车尾气的排放、工业溶剂的挥发和废气排放可能是厦漳泉三地大气VOCs的主要排放源。4)厦漳泉的BTEX主要来源于汽车尾气和汽油挥发;其中厦门和泉州BTEX浓度相比较处在较低污染水平,漳州处在中等水平。     

北运河中游沉积物对磷的吸附特性研究

研究了位于北京郊区的北运河中游9个断面的沉积物对磷的吸附行为,分析了沉积物组成及其理化性质与磷吸附特征的关系.实验结果表明,不同断面沉积物对磷的最大吸附量在0.11 ～9.45 mg/g之间,而各断面沉积物的临界平衡磷浓度(EPC0)范围在0.33～ 1.85 mg/L之间,统计分析显示EPC0与河水中的总磷和可溶性无机磷呈显著负相关,但与沉积物中的金属和有机质含量相关性较差;根据临界平衡磷浓度定义的推断,新华大街桥、玉带桥、运河大街桥、六环路桥、宋梁路桥、湿地和甘棠橡胶坝7个断面的沉积物表现为磷的“汇”,而丰子沟和减运沟2个点表现为磷的“源”,并且各点沉积物释放和吸附磷的趋势较大.     

芬顿氧化试验中残余双氧水对CODcr测定的影响研究

在采用Fenton高级氧化技术对垃圾压滤液进行处理时,作为氧化剂的双氧水经常不能完全消耗。而使用重铬酸钾法进行CODcr测定时,待测水体中残余的双氧水会表现出还原性而消耗重铬酸钾,对最终CODcr测定结果产生影响。本文分析了在垃圾压滤液中不同浓度双氧水对CODcr测定的影响大小,得出双氧水浓度对CODcr影响曲线,同时为消除双氧水对CODcr测定结果影响,在试验中投加过量硫酸亚铁与双氧水反应,当投加量达到理论反应量的1.0～1.2倍时,对双氧水去除效果最好,使后续的CODcr测定试验更加准确。     

论灾害风险研究中的空间尺度耦合

作为人地关系中"地"对"人"负面作用的核心学科——灾害风险学存在着显著的地理空间尺度差异与尺度效应。本文提出灾害风险尺度耦合的概念与类型,从数据、方法和区划三个方面提出灾害风险研究中的空间降尺度和空间升尺度耦合思路,供同行学者参考。     

Preparation and coagulation efficiency of polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride composite coagulant from wastewater of high-purity graphite production

The aim of the present work was to produce a polyaluminium ferric silicate chloride (PAFSiC) coagulant from acidic and alkaline wastewater of purifying graphite by roasting, and subsequently to evaluate coagulation efficiency of the reagent by treating surface water from the Yellow River as well as municipal wastewater in comparison with the conventional coagulant polyaluminium chloride (PAC). The PAFSiC coagulant was prepared by co-polymerization. The effects of (Al+Fe)/Si molar ratio, OH/(Al+Fe) molar ratio (i.e., value), coagulant dosage and pH value of test suspension on the coagulation behavior of FAFSiC and the stability of the PAFSiC were also examined. Results showed that PAFSiC performed more efficiently than PAC in removing turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphate (TP). The PAFSiC with a value of 2.0 and (Al+Fe)/Si ratio of 5 (PAFSiC 2.0/5) showed excellent coagulation effect for both turbidity and COD, while PAFSiC 1.0/5 was the best for TP. The optimum coagulation pH range of PAFSiC 2.0/5 was 5.0–9.0, slightly wider than that of PAC (6.0–8.0). The process can be easily incorporated into high-purity graphite production plants, thereby reducing wastewater pollution and producing a valuable coagulant.     

Preliminary report on methane emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir in the summer drainage period

Considerable variations may exist in CH4 emissions from the Three Gorges Reservoir.     

Biostability in distribution systems in one city in southern China：Characteristics, modeling and control strategy

This study investigated the bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution systems receiving finished water from an advanced drinking water treatment plant in one city in southem China. Thirteen nodes in two water supply zones with different aged pipelines were selected to monitor water temperature, dissolved oxygen （DO）, chloramine residual, assimilable organic carbon （AOC）, and heterotrophic plate counts （HPC）. Regression and principal component analyses indicated that HPC had a strong correlation with chloramine residual. Based on Chick-Watson＇s Law and the Monod equation, biostability curves under different conditions were developed to achieve the goal of HPC 100 CFU/mL. The biostability curves could interpret the scenario under various AOC concentrations and predict the required chloramine residual concentration under the condition of high AOC level. The simulation was also carded out to predict the scenario with a stricter HPC goal （≤50 CFU/mL） and determine the required chloramine residual. The biological regrowth control strategy was assessed using biostability curve analysis. The results indicated that maintaining high chloramine residual concentration was the most practical way to achieve the goal of HPC ≤ 100 CFU/mL. Biostability curves could be a very useful tool for biostability control in distribution systems. This work could provide some new insights towards biostability control in real distribution systems.     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

炭黑工业烟气余热的回收及利用

对油炉法炭黑生产过程烟气的来源，组成，发生量，特性作了介绍，着重研究了炭黑烟气余热的加收及利用。结果表明，采用余热锅炉串联多级空气预热器，是目前我国炭黑烟气余热回收及利用的最佳方法，采用这种方法，不仅可将高温炭黑烟气的余热量最大限度地回收及利用，同时可满足炭黑收集及烟气净化系统设备对炭黑烟气温度的要求，采用该法，炭黑烟气余热利用率可提高２０％以上，经济效益十分可观。     

孤岛油区外排采油污水生化处理技术的研究

针对孤岛污水矿化度高,Cl-含量高,油含量和COD含量严重超标的现象,采取微生物接触氧化工艺进行外排采油污水治理的工艺研究。在处理过程中首先对菌种进行了严格的筛选和培养,然后在室内进行了模拟试验,最后在现场进行了中试。目前已根据中试结果,对孤岛污水原有的污水池进行了改造,设置了隔油池、气浮池、接触氧化池和沉淀池四个部分,经过一年的运行,成功地实现了污水的达标排放。