"三软"特厚煤层高沼综放面瓦斯综合治理

通过对超化煤矿13011和21051两个了开采条件相似的综放丽瓦斯治理情况比较分析，得出瓦斯抽放是“三软”特厚煤层高沼综放工作而瓦斯综合治理的有效途径。     

土地利用规划与旅游规划协调研究

就土地利用规划和旅游规划之间难以衔接与协调的问题,依据规划及社会经济发展的基本原则,从"两规"的差异性、"两规"协调的理论和法律依据、"两规"协调的途径三个方面,试图分析和解决这一长期困扰土地利用规划界与旅游规划界的难题.     

冻融循环对黏质粗粒土抗剪强度影响的试验研究

通过室内循环冻融循环试验和三轴不固结不排水(UU)压缩试验研究了循环冻融作用与细砾组含量(P_(2-5))对黏质粗粒土抗剪性能的影响。结果表明,冻融循环作用对黏质粗颗粒土的应力—应变曲线性状具有一定的影响,可使其由未冻融的应变软化向应变硬化转变的趋势,但随着细砾组P_(2-5)含量的增加,冻融作用对其影响逐渐减弱。随着冻融循环次数的增加,土样剪切强度呈现逐渐衰减,且在5～9次冻融循环次数后基本保持不变,多次循环冻融作用后剪切强度最大衰减幅度可达40%。弹性模量随冻融循环次数的增加上下波动较大但整体呈现下降趋势。在抗剪强度指标方面,冻融作用对黏聚力影响比较显著,随着冻融循环次数的增加,黏聚力逐渐减小,最大衰减幅度可达65%,而内摩擦角上下波动较大无明显趋势。此外,随着细砾组P_(2-5)含量的增加,剪切强度、弹性模量及抗剪强度指标均呈现不同程度的减小,这与粗粒土内部粗颗粒和细颗粒占比及其强度发挥机制有关。     

西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区的转变经验

生态工业园是继经济技术开发区和高新技术开发区后的第三代工业园区,是实施循环经济的三个领域之一。本文介绍了西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区转变模式与实施步骤,并总结实践经验。     

城市治水对策

本文针对我国城市水环境严峻状况，提出城市治水思路和实现城市水资源可持续利用和对策。     

Online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry reveals 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl oxidation products and binding to organic matter

Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry is used to simulate redox reactions in many research disciplines because this technique is fast and provides information on compound metabolites. However, the analysis of the degradation of refractory organic pollutants by reactive oxygen species is difficult to achieve by the electrochemistry step. Therefore, here we use online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry to study for the first time the oxidation of 2,4′,5-trichlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 31] by reactive oxygen species and the binding reactions of PCB degradation products with model substances of natural organic matter. The degradation products were identified by coupled Q Trap mass spectrometry. We observed a binding of a degradation product with γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine. We propose a transformation pathway. We conclude that online electro-Fenton-mass spectrometry is a promising technique to study the oxidation of refractory organic pollutants and further binding of degradation products with natural organic matter.     

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness and statistical optimization

In this work, the enhanced dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectiveness and statistical optimization. Response surface method （RSM） and central composite design （CCD） were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of important operational parameters, i.e., H202 concentrations, Fe2＋ concentrations and initial pH values. A significant quadratic polynomial model was obtained （R2= 0.9189） with capillary suction time （CST） reduction efficiency as the response. Numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out. The optimum values for H202, Fe2, and initial pH were found to be 178 mg-g-1 VSS （volatile suspended solids）, 211mg.gI VSS and 3.8, respectively, at which CST reduction efficiency of 98.25% could be achieved. This complied well with those predicted by the established polynomial model. The results indicate that Fenton pretreatment is an effective technique for advanced waste activated sludge dewatering. The enhancement of sludge dewaterability by Fenton＇s reagent lies in the migration of sludge bound water due to the disintegration of sludge flocs and microbial cells lysis.     

植被在大气汞收支中作用的研究进展与展望

在汞的生物地球化学循环中,对于"源"和"汇"的认识还存在许多不确定性。大气汞收支不平衡的问题使得植被在汞循环中的作用日益凸现;开展植被在大气汞收支中作用的研究有助于为全球汞减排政策的制定提供参考。本文首先概述了植被中汞的来源和影响因素及其与大气汞的源汇关系;进而重点论述了植被参与大气汞收支的主要方式:凋落物沉降、生物质燃烧和植被表面与大气汞的动态交换,并阐述了植被在大气汞污染监测中的应用;最后在总结我国相关研究的基础上展望了未来的发展方向。     

自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤在纳米氧化铝致斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性中的作用

由于纳米氧化铝(alumina nanoparticles,AlNPs)独特的理化性质,被广泛应用于医药、电子和化妆品等多个领域,但关于AlNPs的早期神经毒性效应及其潜在机制尚未完全阐明.为探讨AlNPs的毒作用机制,以及自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤(3-methyladenine,3MA)对AlNPs致斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性的影响,将6 hpf(hours post-fertilization)的斑马鱼胚胎分为对照组、3MA组、AlNPs组和AlNPs+3MA组.观察胚胎和幼鱼的形态学变化以及幼鱼的一般毒性,并检测神经行为改变、氧化应激水平以及幼鱼体内自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34的表达情况.结果表明,各组幼鱼在死亡率、孵化率和畸形率方面无显著性差异.形态学观察结果显示,AlNPs组受精卵在12 hpf和24 hpf出现发育迟缓,加入3MA后,在24 hpf后受精卵发育好转.运动行为检测发现,AlNPs组幼鱼黑暗状态下的平均速度、移动距离和趋触性程度显著降低(P<0.05).在强光刺激下的惊恐逃避反射实验中,AlNPs组幼鱼在光照时的速度显著降低(P<0.05).氧化应激水平检测结果显示,AlNPs组超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),而AlNPs组乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05).自噬相关基因beclin1、lc3Ⅱ和vps34在AlNPs组表达均显著升高,加入3MA后,基因表达降低,并具有统计学意义(P<0.05).上述结果表明,AlNPs诱导过度自噬的发生造成斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经毒性,而3MA可以减轻AlNPs引起的氧化损伤并下调自噬相关基因的表达,明显改善AlNPs暴露所致的早期神经毒性.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.