钢管集团清洁生产指标体系评价应用实例

当前,我国已正式颁布实施了针对钢铁行业的一系列清洁生产标准。在这些标准中对钢铁行业的各工序及钢铁行业全流程制定了较为详实的定性、定量及体现整合性的指标体系。但截至目前,钢铁类项目清洁生产指标体系评价的应用情况参差不齐。鉴于此,以天津钢管集团股份有限公司结构调整规划项目为背景案例,分析钢铁行业清洁生产指标体系在实际项目清洁生产水平评价应用中的构架及体系,以通过此应用案例为今后钢铁行业清洁生产评价中的定性分析构架提供参考。     

活性炭及活性炭纤维对CS2的吸附行为研究及其方法探讨

以活性炭纤维(ACF)对水中CS:的吸附处理作为研究对象,并与另外两种活性炭(颗粒活性炭GAC和粉末活性炭PAC)进行对比研究,展示了ACF对CS:的优异吸附性能与处理效果,即吸附容量大,吸附低浓度效果好.同时运用新的宽平衡浓度吸附试验方法,测试了ACF、GAC、PAC对CS2的吸附平衡曲线,并对几种常见的吸附等温方程...     

Optimization of test interval for ageing equipment: A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach

Reducing the unavailability of safety systems at nuclear power plants, by utilizing the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) methodology, is one of the prime goals in the nuclear industry. In that sense, optimization of test and maintenance activities, which are defined within the technical specifications, represents quite popular and interesting domain. Obtaining optimal test and maintenance schedule is of great significance for improving system availability and performance as well as plant availability in general.On the other side, equipment aging has gradually become a major concern in the nuclear industry since the number of safety systems components, that are approaching their wear-out stage, is rising fast. Nuclear power plants life management programs, considering safety components aging, are being developed and employed. The immense uncertainty associated to the available component aging rates databases poses significant difficulties in the process of incorporation and quantification of the aging effect within the PSA and, subsequently, in the decision-making process.In this paper, an approach for optimization of surveillance test interval of standby equipment with highly uncertain aging parameters, based on genetic algorithm technique and PSA, is presented. A standard standby safety system in nuclear power plant is selected as a case study. A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is used to assess uncertainty propagation on system level. Optimal test interval is derived on the basis of minimal system unavailability and minimal impact of components aging parameters uncertainty. The results obtained in this application indicate the fact that risk-informed surveillance requirements differ from existing ones in technical specifications as well as show the importance of considering aging data uncertainties in component aging modeling.     

Comparison of dissolved organic matter fractions in a secondary effluent and a natural water

This research compared the structural and chemical characteristics among dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions within the same source and among different origins. Samples taken from the Taiping Wastewater Treatment Plant (TWTP) (Harbin, China) and from the Songhuajing River (SR), Heilongjiang Province, China were chosen to represent waters containing DOM of wastewater origin and of natural-water origin, respectively. DOM was fractionated using XAD resins into five fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO-N), transphilic acid (TPI-A), transphilic neutral (TPI-N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). The SR fractions were more UV-sensitive and more reactive with chlorine in formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) than the TWTP secondary effluent (TSE) fractions. The aromatic character peaks in the Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of SR fractions were clearer than those of TSE fractions. On the other hand, the peaks of carbohydrates in TSE fractions were more prominent in comparison with SR fractions. In addition, the amide-2 peak was present in the spectra of all the five TSE fractions but not visible in the spectra of SR fractions. The fluorescence results showed that SR DOM fractions contained more fulvic acid-like fluorescent compounds while TSE DOM fractions had higher amounts of protein-like fluorescent components.     

Cu-Zn-Ce催化剂紫外辅助CWPO工艺降解活性艳红X-3B

采用浸渍法制备具有较高催化活性的催化剂CuO-ZnO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等不同表征手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,稀土Ce的掺杂较好地改善了催化剂表面颗粒的形态,有利于催化剂活性的提高和在非晶体形态下具有更好的催化性能.紫外辅助CWPO工艺对活性艳红X-3B有较好的降解效果,采用紫外/可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)对染料降解过程进行跟踪和分析,结果表明,染料褪色的主要原因是羟基自由基(·OH)攻击偶氮键使其断裂.同时,本文对紫外辅助CWPO降解机理进行了研究,并通过叔丁醇羟基捕获剂进一步证明了紫外辅助CWPO降解活性艳红X-3B过程产生了·OH,且降解过程遵循自由基反应机理.对降解过程进行动力学研究,发现其符合伪一级动力学模型,表观活化能为32.79 kJ·mol-1,说明降解过程是化学控制过程.     

沈阳垃圾填埋场周边植物重金属含量及其环境影响研究

本研究将沈阳大辛垃圾填埋场作为研究对象,以玉米为例,对其周边不同范围内植物的重金属含量及其环境影响进行了研究。结果表明,1#田与大辛垃圾场距离在70米以内的作物玉米污染较重,而80米以外的作物玉米则污染较轻或无污染现象。在2#田距离垃圾场100米的测量范围内,作物玉米金属污染严重,不宜种植作物玉米。大辛垃圾填埋场渗滤液对周边作物玉米的主要污染物为镉和铅。     

Identifying risky drivers with simulated driving

Objective: The present study aimed to examine whether high-risk drivers differ from low-risk drivers in driving behavior in a simulated environment.

Method: The 2 risk groups including 36 drivers (18 males and 18 females) performed driving tasks in a simulated environment. The simulated driving behaviors are compared between the 2 risk groups.

Results: The high-risk drivers drove much faster and exhibited larger offsets of the steering wheel than did the low-risk drivers in events without incidents. Additionally, the high-risk drivers used turn signals and horns less frequently than the low-risk drivers.

Conclusions: The present study revealed that the high-risk group differed from the low-risk group in driving behavior in a simulated environment. These results also suggest that simulated driving tasks might be useful tools for the evaluation of drivers’ potential risks.     

湖泊富营养化机理模型研究进展

湖泊富营养化机理模型是模拟和预测水质参数变化趋势和水体富营养化状态的有效工具,可为水环境污染预防和治理提供数据支撑与科学依据。在回顾湖泊富营养化机理模型分类及发展的基础上,重点分析和总结了CAEDYM模型、PCLake模型、AQUATOX模型和WASP模型等生态动力学模型研究热点,探讨了各个模型的适用性与局限性;并进一步从湖泊富营养化影响机制探究和水质水环境管理保护决策服务两方面梳理了富营养化模型的应用现状,指出了富营养化机理模型当前存在的问题与发展方向,旨在为模型研究和应用提供参考。     

新冠疫情期间无锡市环境空气质量分析

通过对无锡市区环境空气污染物的连续监测,对新冠疫情期间环境空气质量进行研究分析.结果表明,2月疫情期间,无锡市环境空气质量同比与环比均有明显好转,AQI指数在24～80,均为优良天.这可能与全社会生产、生活、活动有极大变动有关,可指导空气污染防治工作的努力方向.从单项指标看,除O3以外的其他5项指标均有不同程度的好转....     

2006年世界卫生日主题通力合作增进健康

自1950年开始,联合国将每年的4月7 日定为“世界卫生日”,并为每年的卫生日选择一个相关的主题,旨在提高全世界对某一个卫生领域的认识,推广和普及有关健康知识,提高人们的健康水平。今年“世界卫生日”的主题是:通力合作,增进健康。旨在宣传目前世界范围内医务人员短缺问题并寻求解决之道。据世界卫生组织估计,目前全世界共有5900万医务工作人员,尚存在400万