Outlier identification and visualization for Pb concentrations in urban soils and its implications for identification of potential contaminated land

Outliers in urban soil geochemical databases may imply potential contaminated land. Different methodologies which can be easily implemented for the identification of global and spatial outliers were applied for Pb concentrations in urban soils of Galway City in Ireland. Due to its strongly skewed probability feature, a Box–Cox transformation was performed prior to further analyses. The graphic methods of histogram and box-and-whisker plot were effective in identification of global outliers at the original scale of the dataset. Spatial outliers could be identified by a local indicator of spatial association of local Moran's I, cross-validation of kriging, and a geographically weighted regression. The spatial locations of outliers were visualised using a geographical information system. Different methods showed generally consistent results, but differences existed. It is suggested that outliers identified by statistical methods should be confirmed and justified using scientific knowledge before they are properly dealt with.     

The European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), under conditions of technogenic pollution in the Kostomuksha tailing pond

The population structure and biological parameters of the European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), have been analyzed in a technogenically polluted water body. The biochemical state of the whitefish and the fauna and morphology of helminths parasitizing them have been assessed. It is shown that the species composition of the fish, plankton, benthos, and parasite faunas of this water body are depleted and the morphological parameters of common fish parasites are altered. It is noted that, in addition to adaptive rearrangements in biochemical metabolism, the whitefish from the transformed water body are characterized by a reduction in the level of protein synthesis in muscles and the rate of aerobic energy metabolism in the liver and muscles.     

环境管理、规划管理与项目管理

文章从深入分析环境管理的内涵出发，进而提出树立项目管理意识，强化项目管理的概念，说明项目管理在环境管理中的地位和作用，从这个意义上讨论环境管理与项目管理的关系，简述环境保护项目管理的主要环节，达到提高环境管理效能的途径的目的。     

Supported Pd/Sn bimetallic nanoparticles for reductive dechlorination of aqueous trichloroethylene

A Pd/Sn bimetallic nanoparticles resin (nano-Pd/Sn/resin) was successfully synthesized for reductive transformation of aqueous trichloroethylene (TCE). The physicochemical properties of the prepared resin were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, N(2) isothermal sorption at and X-ray photospectroscopy. The surface-area-normalized rate constants (k(SA)) of Sn particles in the nanoscale range (50-100 nm) were 4.5 times larger than the k(SA) for powdered Sn (0.04 mm). After depositing 1 wt% Pd onto nano-Sn surface, k(SA) was further enhanced by about a factor of 2. Groundwater constituents such as sulfide nitrate and dissolved oxygen had significant negative effects on the rate of TCE degradation by the nano-Pd/Sn/resin. A wet-chemical method regeneration method was observed to effectively restore the reactivity of the poisoned nano-Pd/Sn/resin after dipping in sulfide solution for 2d. In all cases, less than 0.5% of the degraded TCE appeared as chlorinated byproducts including the three dichloroethene isomers. The nano-Pd/Sn/resin technique performs well in transforming TCE into nontoxic hydrocarbons, as compared with other published methods.     

汉江上游郧县曲远河河口段全新世古洪水水文状态研究

对汉江上游河谷郧县曲远河河口剖面进行了沉积学、粒度、磁化率和烧失量的研究。结果表明：夹在古土壤中的灰白色沉积层是典型的古洪水滞流沉积物，记录了一次特大洪水事件，用地层对比法和OSL方法确定其发生时间为4 950~5 450 a B.P.。用古洪水SWD尖灭点法确定古洪水行洪水位高程为169 m，采用比降法恢复其洪峰流量为60 577 m3/s。根据2011年汉江上游洪水洪痕，用相同的方法对洪峰流量进行了反演，误差为-411％，说明用比降法恢复的古洪水洪峰流量是可靠的     

Effective removal of coordinated copper from wastewater using a new dithiocarbamate-type supramolecular heavy metal precipitant

A new dithiocarbamate-type heavy metal precipitant, sodium 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazinedithiocarbamate (HTDC), was prepared and used to remove coordinated copper from wastewater. In the reported dithiocarbamate-type precipitants, HTDC possesses the highest percentage of the effective functional groups. It could effectively precipitate copper to less than 0.5 mg l⁻¹ from both synthetic and actual industrial wastewater containing CuEDTA in the range of pH 3–9. UV–vis spectral investigation and elemental analysis suggested that the precipitate was a kind of coordination supramolecular compound, [Cu₃(HTDC)₂]_n. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and semi-dynamic leaching test (SDLT) indicated that the supramolecular precipitate was non-hazardous and stable in weak acid and alkaline conditions. Tests of an anion exchange resin D231 provided a clue to simultaneously remove excess HTDC and residual CuEDTA in practical process of wastewater treatment.     

Distribution of radionuclides among the main components of Lake Chervyanoe in the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace

Radioecological conditions have been estimated in Lake Chervyanoe located on the central axis of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) about 100–110 km northeast of the Mayak Production Association. Data on the ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs contents in the main components of the lake, the distribution of these radionuclides over the profile of bottom sediments, and their amounts in the lake are presented. The experimental data have been used to construct mathematical models for estimating changes in the radionuclide concentrations and amounts in the water and bottom sediments of the lake over a long period after the nuclear accident, as well as the tritium content of the lake water in different periods of time.     

制备条件对低温NH_3-SCR脱硝催化剂Mn-Ce/TiO_2结构与性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂,以NH3为还原剂,通过程序升温反应考察其选择性催化还原NO的催化性能.同时,着重探讨了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、活性物质负载量及Mn、Ce负载比例对催化剂结构和性能的影响,并用BET、XRD等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,活性组分负载量由0增至20%时,NO转化率随着负载量的增加而提高,当(Mn+Ce)质量分数为20%,催化剂活性最高,此后随着活性组分负载量的增加,NO转化率明显下降;Mn与Ce的负载比例为0.85∶0.15时,催化剂比表面积最大,为112.31m2·g-1;焙烧温度500℃时催化剂晶相均为TiO2锐钛矿型结构,焙烧温度升高至600℃,催化剂晶相为TiO2锐钛矿型和金红石型混合结构,且催化剂比表面积急剧减小;焙烧时间对催化剂晶相结构影响不大,焙烧时间为5h时,Mn-Ce/TiO2的脱硝性能最好.     

四川三岔湖重金属污染与人类活动的关系

沉积物对湖泊重金属污染具有指示作用,通过分析沉积物的污染特征可以揭示湖泊重金属污染的污染历史和污染源。利用210Pb和137Cs定年和沉积物粒度分析,研究了三岔湖沉积物重金属的不同湖区和不同年代的分布特征及形成原因。人类活动强烈影响了重金属的沉积与富集:Cu、Zn与网箱养殖密切相关,Pb则主要源于邻近岸区的交通运输活动,Cr主要来自农业面源污染。受自身化学特性的影响,重金属的含量与沉积物的粒度分布密切相关,也正因此会出现洪水等的特殊年份重金属污染特征的异变。