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41.
本研究采用两种提纯方法并以Mg-Al、Fe-Al(1)、Fe-Al(2)聚合羟基物为改性剂对膨润土进行提纯和改性。通过对膨润土改性过程中的悬浮液浓度、柱撑温度、老化温度、老化时间等影响因素的考察,系统研究了不同制备条件对改性膨润土去除Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的效果,并通过XRD分析了提纯和改性方法对膨润土结构的影响。实验结果表明,利用六偏磷酸钠提纯后制得的Mg-Al改性膨润土对Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的去除效果较原土分别提高了24.94%、40.37%和6.80%,其主要影响因素分别为:老化时间和柱撑温度。 相似文献
42.
Shouliang Huo Chunzi M Beidou Xi Yali Zhang Fengchang Wu Hongliang Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(5):54-66
Nutrient criteria provide a scientific foundation for the comprehensive evaluation, prevention,control and management of water eutrophication. In this review, the literature was examined to systematically evaluate the benefits, drawbacks, and applications of statistical analysis,paleolimnological reconstruction, stressor-response model, and model inference approaches for nutrient criteria determination. The developments and challenges in the determination of nutrient criteria in lakes and reservoirs are presented. Reference lakes can reflect the original states of lakes, but reference sites are often unavailable. Using the paleolimnological reconstruction method, it is often difficult to reconstruct the historical nutrient conditions of shallow lakes in which the sediments are easily disturbed. The model inference approach requires sufficient data to identify the appropriate equations and characterize a waterbody or group of waterbodies, thereby increasing the difficulty of establishing nutrient criteria. The stressor-response model is a potential development direction for nutrient criteria determination, and the mechanisms of stressor-response models should be studied further. Based on studies of the relationships among water ecological criteria, eutrophication, nutrient criteria and plankton, methods for determining nutrient criteria should be closely integrated with water management requirements. 相似文献
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44.
Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River. 相似文献
45.
研究了吸附剂浓度(Cs)对Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在高岭土上吸附的影响。结果表明,随Cs增大,吸附等温线下降,呈现出明显的吸附剂浓度效应(Cs-effect)。采用经典Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式对吸附数据进行拟合表明,在给定Cs下,Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线分别符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式;但这2个等温式不能描述或预测Cseffect,模型参数与Cs有关,与模型理论预测相悖。为解释和描述固/液界面吸附中的Cs-effect,我们近期提出了表面组分活度(SCA)模型,并推导出了Langmuir-SCA和Freundlich-SCA等温式。采用SCA模型等温式对吸附数据进行拟合表明,Langmuir-SCA和Freundlich-SCA等温式可分别准确地描述Zn(Ⅱ)和Cd(Ⅱ)在高岭土上吸附的Cs-effect结果,证明SCA模型是合理的。 相似文献
46.
采用包埋法制备出一种复合生物填料,测其各项理化性质,并以NOx模拟废气验证其脱硝性能。填料主要由碳酸钙、牛粪堆肥腐殖质、菌剂载体、水泥、轻质珍珠岩、立体网状纤维及脱硝功能微生物等复合而成,粒径12 mm×20 mm,自然堆积密度(471±0.8)kg/m3,持水量(49±1.3)%,比表面积3.91 m2/g,平均机械强度(427.3±0.2)N,pH为10.5±0.2。填料能长期在潮湿环境中保持良好的粘结强度,并具有营养缓释及pH缓冲能力。包埋脱硝功能微生物复合填料中初期微生物数量5.3 ×105 CFU/g,运行60 d后微生物数量达到8.6×108 CFU/g,闲置停运30 d微生物有所减少,但重启后净化效率基本不变。当进气负荷低于1 878 mg/(m3·h),气体停留时间为14.47 s时,BF1的去除率高达93.15%。 相似文献
47.
Treatment of sewage using an aged-refuse-based bioreactor 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The refuse in landfills becomes stabilized or aged after years of placement, and the resultant partly or fully stabilized refuse thus obtained is referred to as "aged refuse" in this work. The aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which have been proved to have a strong decomposition capability for both biodegradable and refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters. In this study, the aged refuse excavated from a 10-year old closed landfill compartment at Shanghai Refuse Landfill was used as the substrate in a bioreactor for the biofiltration of sewage taken from the sewage pipeline systems in Shanghai downtown areas. Typically, 120kg of screened aged refuse with a diameter less than 15mm was used as biofiltration material in a round shaped bioreactor with an inner diameter of 80cm and a height of 150cm. Influent sewage with initial COD, BOD, and NH(3)-N concentrations of 400-500, 240-300, and 45-50mg/L, respectively, was introduced into the bioreactor. The corresponding concentrations in the effluent were reduced to below 80-100, 10-20, and 10-15mg/L, respectively, at a hydraulic load of 1000-1200L/m(3) refuse/day, and the treatment efficiencies decreased with increased hydraulic load. The treatment mechanism was also studied. It was found that the pollutant removal efficiencies dramatically decreased when the aged refuse in the bioreactor was preliminarily disinfected using NaClO solutions, indicating that the pollutants in the sewage were biologically removed. The treatment process developed in this work is cost-effective. 相似文献
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49.
China is the only nation that uses DDT in antifouling pain at present, approximately 5% of DDT is applied as the additive of the antifouling paint production. Therefore, actions shall be taken urgently for banning the use of DDT and substituting with non-POPs alternatives in antifouling paints. The paper researches the social and economic backgrounds of DDT booster antifouling paint production and usage, analyzes the social and economic impact assessment of the alternatives to DDT usage for antifouling paint. The implementation of the project of alternatives will completely eliminate the adverse impact of DDT booster antifouling paint on terrestrial, marine ecosystem and human health. The broad use of alkali silicate and pepper alkali as substitutes will be feasible if appropriate measures will be taken to encourage their development, and the social and economic risk will be reduced to accepted levels. 相似文献
50.
本研究建立了固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水体中痕量三苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(TSPEOn,n=6—29)的方法.水样经HLB柱富集,用10 mL二氯甲烷-甲醇混合溶液(1∶1)洗脱,将洗脱液氮吹至近干后,用乙腈定容至0.5 mL.采用C18(2.1 mm×50 mm,5μm)+Silica(2.1 mm×150 mm,4μm)串联色谱柱,以乙腈和2 mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵水为流动相,在电喷雾正离子、多反应监测模式下对TSPEOs进行定性分析,外标法进行定量分析.结果表明,TSPEOn(n=6—29)在0.06—512.5μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数在0.989—0.999之间,方法检出限为0.001—0.22 ng·L~(-1),定量限为0.004—0.72 ng·L~(-1),平均回收率在67.4%—103.3%之间,相对标准偏差为0.7%—14.8%,该方法可用于实际地表水样中痕量TSPEOn(n=6—29)的测定. 相似文献