新疆奎屯原生高砷地下水的分布、类型及成因分析

原生高砷地下水在全球分布广、危害大,严重威胁着全世界数亿人口的身体健康.为科学指导高砷地区地下水资源的合理开发利用,以中国大陆第一个砷中毒病区新疆奎屯为研究区域,分析了奎屯地区高砷地下水的分布规律、类型及成因.结果表明,奎屯地区有88.7%的地下水中砷浓度超出10μg·L~(-1),多为高砷地下水.高砷地下水多分布在深层承压含水层,砷浓度从南向北逐渐升高,与采样点海拔高度呈显著负相关.奎屯地区地下水整体呈弱碱性、碱性环境,氧化还原电位(Eh)均为负值,具有较强的还原性,属于还原性-弱碱性高砷地下水(I-2型).奎屯南面的天山与北面的河流沉积平原环境相结合,为该区地下水形成高砷提供了有利的地质环境.奎屯地区沉积层深厚,地下径流更替缓慢,相对封闭的水文地质条件使地下水中的砷富集而不易流失,强烈的蒸发可以使地下水中的砷进一步浓缩.同时,地下水的还原条件有利于含水层中砷的释放,砷浓度不仅受铁锰氧化物矿物还原的影响,而且受SO2-4还原和硫化物矿物沉淀的控制,吸附态砷的解吸附也是该地区地下水的富砷过程.     

选择性吸附法处理含表面活性剂和多环芳烃的土壤淋洗液研究

比较研究了H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土等5种吸附剂对土壤淋洗液中TX-100与PAHs的吸附性能.批实验结果表明,H103树脂、活性炭、沸石、硅藻土和膨润土吸附后,淋洗液中T-PAHs及TX-100浓度分别为0.03和0 mg·L~(-1)、0.16和3623 mg·L~(-1)、15.21和6175 mg·L~(-1)、15.98和6555 mg·L~(-1)、9.49和4332 mg·L~(-1),选择性吸附系数排序依次为活性炭膨润土沸石硅藻土H103树脂.其中,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中99%的PAHs,同时保留51.33%的TX-100回收再利用,选择吸附系数达到109.5.活性炭固定床实验中,由淋洗液溶质的穿透曲线计算出物质的吸附容量.当空隙体积为2.5-7PV时,活性炭能够去除淋洗液中72%的PAHs,同时保留81%的TX-100,平均选择吸附系数为10.08.由此可见,活性炭固定床可有效处理含表面活性剂土壤淋洗液中的多环芳烃,同时实现表面活性剂的回收再利用.     

Application of response surface methodology to the treatment landfill leachate in a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor

The influence of different variables on the removal of ammonia nitrogen and COD from landfill leachate was investigated in a three-dimensional electrochemical reactor. Box–Behnken statistical experiment design and the response surface methodology were used to investigate operating condition effects, such as current density, activated carbon to water ratio and the reaction time, on ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency and COD removal efficiency. The positive and negative effects of variables and the interaction between variables on ammonia nitrogen removal and COD removal were determined. The response surface methodology models were derived based on the results and the response surface plots were developed accordingly.     

水资源研究中几个问题的探讨

本文讨论了区域水资源的评价问题.无论是地表水、地下水,还是土壤水都是来源于大气降水,降水资源才是区域总水资源;同时讨论了区域水资源的平衡原理.降水资源转化了截留水、地表水、土壤水和地下水4项水资源.该文对这2种不同的水体进行了深入讨论,着重论述了土壤水资源的概念及其特征.并对潜水蒸发和水资源的价值问题提出了看法.     

梨园杀虫剂的环境风险评价

评价了某雪花梨栽培试验园区施用的杀虫剂对周围环境的风险性。其中包括；利用化学物质排毒系数评价法对梨园杀虫剂进行初步风险识别；非突发性水环境污染风险分析。采用瞬时点源一维河流模型对杀虫剂因事故性泄漏水体造成的风险进行预测；简要说明了杀虫剂进入土壤的途径及其对施药区和非施药区土壤的危害；采用高斯烟团模式，通过大气取样，对杀虫剂超常量喷施进入大气捕捞浓度分布进行统计分析，测算出杀虫剂在不同浓度范围出现的相对频率，从而鉴别其对居民点空气质量的危害几率。     

有机废气的臭氧化过程降解及其动力学

实验研究了有机废气中的1.1-二氧乙烯（CH2=CCl2）在101.3kPa和288～308K下气相臭氧化降解过程及其反应动力学。结果表明，总的反应级数是2级，相对于臭氧和二氯乙烯浓度均为1级。反应速率常数可用方程Arrhenius（k2=8.32exp[-389.7/T]）表示。     

Policy conflicts in the siting of natural gas pipelines

ABSTRACT

Researchers often focus on the most intense conflicts, skewing our perception of the diversity and nature of policy conflicts. The paper examines the discourse engaged in the siting of three pipeline projects under construction, each with varying levels of conflict, and one rejected project of high conflict. We analyze over 700 newspaper articles that span the life of each proposed pipeline and supplement the news media data with interviews. Using these data, we compare differences in actor types, frames, and behaviors in natural gas pipeline siting processes characterized by high, medium, and low conflict. Comparing the characteristics of energy siting conflicts at varying intensities helps support corresponding portrayals of how people engage in the policy process. This paper offers theoretical and empirical guidance on understanding policy conflict intensity variation.     

Energy consumption estimation model for dual-motor electric vehicles based on multiple linear regression

ABSTRACT

The drive range of electric vehicle (EV) is one of the major limitations that impedes its universalism. A great deal of research has been devoted to drive range improvement of EV, an accurate and efficiency energy consumption estimation plays a crucial role in these researches. However, the majority of EV’s energy consumption estimation models are based on single motor EV, these models are not suitable for dual-motor EVs, which are composed of more complex transmission mechanisms and multiple operating modes. Thus, an energy consumption estimation model for dual-motor EV is proposed to estimate battery power. This article focuses on studying the operating modes and system efficiency in each operating mode. The limitation of working area of each mode ensures the vehicle dynamic performance, then PSO algorithm is adopted to optimize the torque (speed) distribution between two motors to improve the system efficiency in the coupled driving mode. Finally, the energy consumption estimation model is established by multiple linear regression (MLR). The result shows that the proposed model has a high precision in energy consumption estimation of dual-motor EV.     

非英语专业学生写作中常见的问题与改进建议

针对学生提出的英语写作难这一问题进行了专项调查，发现他们在实践写作中存在语篇、语用、语义等较深层次的错误和句子结构、语法层次、汉式表达等基础层次的错误。因而，从师与生、教与学两个角度提出了相应的建议：明确教师与学生的职责，把听、说、读、写四项基本技能融为一体。