微生物降解褐煤产生的腐植酸化学特性研究

本文对微生物降解褐煤产生的腐植酸的化学特性进行了分析.结果表明,褐煤经微生物降解后其腐植酸与降解前相比,氢和氧百分含量增加,碳百分含量减少,分子量减小 ,而絮凝极限明显增大,红外吸收光谱也发生明显变化.     

环境水样中人工合成麝香的分析方法

采用C18萃取盘富集净化结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),建立了测定城市污水和河水中5种多环麝香和2种硝基麝香的分析方法.水样经C18萃取盘富集后,用正己烷及正己烷、二氯甲烷混合溶剂进行洗脱,洗脱液经浓缩定容后用GC-MS选择离子监测模式(SIM)进行检测,使用AHTN-d3作为替代物标样,其回收率为89.7%—104.9%.以六氯苯-13C为内标进行定量,7种合成麝香的线性范围为0.001—1μg·ml-1,样品方法检出限在1.0—1.2ng·l-1(S/N=5).做空白加标实验和基质加标回收实验,空白加标回收率及实际样品平均加标回收率均在78.6%—106.3%范围内,相对标准偏差在3.9%—8.4%之间;方法准确,快速,简便,可以用于实际水样中合成麝香的检测。     

基于CiteSpace文献计量的湖泊抗生素抗性基因研究进展与热点分析

以Web of Science数据库及CNKI(中国知网)的文献资料为数据源,利用CiteSpace文献计量工具,对湖泊抗生素抗性基因的研究文献从发展路径、主题演变以及研究热点等方面进行剖析,以此探讨国内外该领域的研究现状、热点和发展态势.结果 表明,湖泊中抗生素抗性基因的研究文献发文数量和载文期刊数量呈快速增长态势;...     

Characterization of phytoplankton community in a river ecosystem using pigment composition: a feasibility study

CHEMTAX is a mathematical software for phytoplankton composition evaluation using pigment composition. Although this method has been previously applied in the ocean environment, we firstly utilized the combination of matrix factorization program CHEMTAX and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to characterize the phytoplankton community from a river system (western part of Weihe River Basin). The obtained results were compared with those from microscopic examination. Based on the comparison, it is suggested that after increasing the ratio of characteristic pigment to chlorophyll a of diatoms and euglena, the diatoms calculated by the CHEMTAX method accounted for 80% of the total biomass, and the results were consistent with microscopic examination, but diatoms obtained from F2, C1 and W5 sample sites were significantly overestimated 33%~60%. The comparison also showed that the model always underestimated cyanobacteria (sample sites F2, C1 were underestimated 25%) and euglena were overestimated (sample sites W3, Q1 were respectively overestimated 33%, 23%), but for chlorophytes, both overestimation and underestimation could occur. When the relevant results from previous applications in the ocean phytoplankton community evaluation were taken into consideration, it can be concluded that CHEMTAX-HPLC method was not accurate enough to characterize the phytoplankton communities in the freshwater (river/lake) ecosystem.

     

Morphological effect of BiVO4 catalysts on degradation of aqueous paracetamol under visible light irradiation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Morphological effect of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) on visible light-driven catalytic degradation of aqueous paracetamol was carefully investigated using...     

污泥干燥特性及其模型求解

相同质量污泥(3.0±0.01)g在85¹45℃下进行恒温干燥实验,得到污泥干燥过程中含水率、干燥速率等变化规律,采用多元线性回归对实验数据进行分析,得到污泥干燥动力学模型。结果表明:污泥在干燥过程中经历加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,3个阶段的分界点固定在污泥失重率为10%和65%处而不随干燥温度的变化而变化;在同一干燥温度下,饼状污泥的干燥速率大于球状污泥;Logarithmic干燥模型MR=a·exp(-kt)+b在各干燥温度下均最适宜表述污泥干燥过程,其参数a、b与干燥温度T呈二次多项式关系,参数k与干燥温度T呈一次线性关系;饼状污泥的有效扩散系数D eff在9.21×10-6145℃下进行恒温干燥实验,得到污泥干燥过程中含水率、干燥速率等变化规律,采用多元线性回归对实验数据进行分析,得到污泥干燥动力学模型。结果表明:污泥在干燥过程中经历加速、恒速和降速3个阶段,3个阶段的分界点固定在污泥失重率为10%和65%处而不随干燥温度的变化而变化;在同一干燥温度下,饼状污泥的干燥速率大于球状污泥;Logarithmic干燥模型MR=a·exp(-kt)+b在各干燥温度下均最适宜表述污泥干燥过程,其参数a、b与干燥温度T呈二次多项式关系,参数k与干燥温度T呈一次线性关系;饼状污泥的有效扩散系数D eff在9.21×10-6².22×10-5m2/min,球状污泥的有效扩散系数D eff在6.55×10-62.22×10-5m2/min,球状污泥的有效扩散系数D eff在6.55×10-6¹.37×10-5m2/min。且随着干燥温度的上升,有效扩散系数D eff呈上升趋势。在相同干燥温度下,饼状污泥的有效扩散系数大于球状污泥。     

Study of elemental distribution in soil on the loess plateau of China

Instrument neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been employed in this study to determine 32 elements in soil on the loess plateau. The preliminary results suggest that geochemical characteristics of elements in the soil mainly retained those in the parent materials (loess). It has been found that fractional deposition among grain sizes in the process of loess transportation as well as the bioclimate in which the soil developed are main factors affecting the regional variations of elemental distribution in soil on the plateau. Contour maps of element concentrations plotted from the trend analyses exhibit the major patterns of the distributions and variations on the plateau. Furthermore, the study also provides evidence for the aeolian theory of the loess transportation in China.     

Perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled water and milk collected from different areas in China

As a new emerging environmental contaminant, perchlorate has prompted people to pay more attention. The presence of perchlorate in the human body can result in improper regulation of metabolism for adults. Furthermore, it also causes developmental and behavioral problems for infants and children because it can interfere with iodide uptake into the thyroid tissue. In this paper, perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled drinking water and milk was detected for investigating the perchlorate pollution status in China. The places, where the samples were collected, cover most regions of China. Therefore, the final data on perchlorate levels will give an indication of the perchlorate pollution status in China. The final determination of perchlorate was performed by ion chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with negative mode. The concentration of perchlorate in sewage sludge, rice, bottled drinking water and milk was in the range of 0.56-379.9 microg/kg, 0.16-4.88 mug/kg, 0.037-2.013 microg/L and 0.30-9.1 microg/L, respectively. The results show that perchlorate has been widespread in China.     

卵形头部弹丸侵彻素混凝土的数值模拟

素混凝土侵彻效应研究对防护工程设计和钻地武器战斗部研究都具有重要意义.本文建立三维有限元模型进行卵形头部弹丸侵彻素混凝土数值模拟分析,结合Young公式和空腔膨胀理论在侵彻深度和侵彻过载等方面对素混凝土侵彻效应的数值模拟结果进行分析,对比结果显示数值模拟分析具有较好的可信度,丰富了素混凝土侵彻效应研究的方法和途径.