Enhanced photodegradation of phenolic compounds by adding TiO2 to soil in a rotary reactor

Photodegradation ofpentachlorophenol （PCP） and p-nitrophenol （PNP） in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series of thin soil layers. TiO2, as a kind of environmental friendly photocatalyst, was introduced to the soil to enhance the processes. Compared with that on the soil layers, photodegradation of PCP at initial concentration of 60 mg/kg was improved dramatically in the rotary reactor no matter whether TiO2 was added, with an increase of 3.0 times in the apparent first-order rate constants. The addition of 1 wt% TiO2 furthered the improvement by 1.4 times. Without addition of TiO2, PNP （initial concentration of 60 mg/kg） photodegradation rate in the rotary reactor was similar to that on the soil layers. When 1 wt% additional TiO2 was added, PNP photodegradation was enhanced obviously, and the enhancement in the rotary reactor was 2 times of that on the soil layers, which may be attributed to the higher frequency of the contact between PNP on soil particles and the photocatalyst. The effect of soil pH and initial concentrations of the target compounds on the photodegradation in the rotary reactor was investigated. The order of the degradation rate at different soil pH was relative to the aggregation of soil particles during mixing in the rotary reactor. Photodegradation of PCP and PNP at different initial concentrations showed that addition of TiO2 to enhance the photodegradation was more suitable for contaminated soil with higher concentration of PCP, while was effective for contaminated soil at each PNP concentration tested in our study.     

Physical and chemical regeneration of zeolitic adsorbents for dye removal in wastewater treatment

Natural zeolite and synthetic zeolite, MCM-22, were employed as effective adsorbents for a basic dye, methylene blue, removal from wastewater. Two methods, Fenton oxidation and high temperature combustion, have been used for regeneration of used materials. It is found that MCM-22 exhibits equilibrium adsorption at 1.7 x 10(-4) mol g(-1), much higher than the adsorption of natural zeolite (5 x 10(-5) mol g(-1)) at initial dye concentration of 2.7 x 10(-5)M and 30 degrees C. Solution pH will affect the adsorption behaviour of MCM-22. Higher solution pH results in higher adsorption capacity. The regenerated adsorbents show different capacity depending on regeneration technique. Physical regeneration by high temperature combustion will be better than chemical regeneration using Fenton oxidation in producing effective adsorbents. Regeneration of MCM-22 by high temperature treatment can make the adsorbent exhibit comparable or superior adsorption capacity as compared to the fresh sample depending on the temperature and time. The optimal temperature and time will be 540 degrees C and 1h. The Fenton oxidation will recover 60% adsorption capacity. For natural zeolite, regeneration can not fully recover the adsorption capacity with the two techniques and the regenerated natural zeolites by the two techniques are similar, showing 60% adsorption capacity of fresh sample. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

Rapid and complete dechlorination of PCP in aqueous solution using Ni-Fe nanoparticles under assistance of ultrasound

The Ni-Fe bimetallic particles have been laboratory prepared using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant to reduce Ni2+ and Fe2+ in aqueous solution simultaneously, and characterized by TEM, XRD, BET and XPS. The particles were proved to be nanoscale amorphous alloy with an average diameter of about 30 nm and a BET surface area of 20.9 m2 g(-1). Experiments for dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by the Ni-Fe bimetallic nanoscale particles in aqueous solutions were carried out under the enhancement of ultrasound. Major factors that influence the dechlorination efficiency, such as initial pH value, Ni content in the Ni-Fe particles, and output power of ultrasonic irradiation, were investigated. The results indicated that Ni-Fe nanoscale bimetallic particles were very effective for the dechlorination of PCP. Dechlorination efficiency was 46% in 30 min under the optimal condition without assistance of ultrasound, whereas it increased to 96% when ultrasonic irradiation was present. Initial pH value showed apparent effect on the dechlorination. As the pH varied from acidic condition to neutral condition, the dechlorination efficiency decreased dramatically. In addition, the dechlorination efficiency was improved with increased Ni/Fe ratio and ultrasonic output power. Less chlorinated phenols including tetrachlorophenol, trichlorophenol, dichlorophenol, monochlorophenol were formed during the initial reaction, and phenol was determined by GC-MS as sole product in the end of reaction.     

Exploring the impact of new particle formation events on PM2.5 pollution during winter in the Yangtze River Delta, China

New particle formation（NPF） events are an increasingly interesting topic in air quality and climate science. In this study, the particle number size distributions, and the frequency of NPF events over Hefei were investigated from November 2018 to February 2019. The proportions of the nucleation mode, Aitken mode, and accumulation mode were 24.59%,53.10%, and 22.30%, respectively, which indicates the presence of abundant ultrafine particles in Hefei. Forty-six NPF events occurred during the obser...     

Impact of soluble organic matter and particulate organic matter on anammox system: Performance,microbial community and N2O production

In this study,the effects of soluble readily biodegradable COD (sCOD) and particulate slowly biodegradable COD (pCOD) on anammox process were investigated.The results of the longterm experiment indicated that a low sCOD/N ratio of 0.5 could accelerate the anammox and denitrification activity,to reach as high as 84.9%±2.8% TN removal efficiency.Partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/anammox) and denitrification were proposed as the major pathways for nitrogen removal,accounting for 91.3% and 8.7% o...     

Effects of nature organic matters and hydrated metal oxides on the anaerobic degradation of lindane,p,p''''-DDT and HCB in sediments

IntroductionLindane ,p,p’ DDTandHCBaresemivolatileandlipophilic ,andtheyfallintotheclassofcompoundsdescribedaspersistentorganicpollutants.Moreover,thesecompoundshavebeenidentifiedaspotentendocrinedisrupters(Smith ,2 0 0 2 ;Willett,1 998;Robert,2 0 0 1 ) .Ithasbeenreportedchlorinatedorganiccompoundscanbedecomposedveryslowlyinsedimentsthroughvariousreactions(Niesl,1 990 ) .Factorsinfluencingthebiodegradationofcompoundsarevarious.Amongthem ,itwasreportedthattheeffectsofnaturalorganicmatters…     

熔铅锅通风设计探讨

着重介绍熔铅锅通风方式及计算方法的比较，通过比较选择合理的通风方式和计算方法。     

锰矿区雨水径流中重金属含量及污染水平的空间结构特征

运用地统计学方法对湘潭市锰矿红旗矿区雨水径流中重金属含量及污染水平的空间结构特征进行了分析研究.结果表明,锰矿区雨水径流中Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb含量的最大值与最小值之间差异较大,Ni、Cu、Cd、Pb的变异系数在0.7~1.0之间,表现出中等变异性,Mn和Zn的变异系数大于1.0,表现出强变异性.空间结构分析表明,除Cd外,Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb的拟合效果均比较理想,6种元素的拟合模型的决定系数R2介于0.540~0.895之间,块金值与基台值的比值C0/(C0+C)均小于0.4,具有较强的空间相关性.空间分布图表明,元素Mn、Ni、Cd、Pb的分布较相似,元素Cu和Zn的分布很相似且以某块区域为中心向四周逐步递减.污染指数及其空间分析表明,矿区内大部分区域的雨水径流中存在中度重金属污染,东部沿线区域的存在着严重的重金属污染,仅少量地方不存在重金属污染,重金属污染从低到高的顺序为Zn、Ni、Cu、Pb、Mn、Cd.从环境风险和人体健康的角度来看,应将Cd元素作为需要优先治理和控制的重金属.     

不同水溶肥配方对部分白菜品质及土壤性质的影响

本试验以白菜为试验材料,清水为对照探索了5种水溶肥配方对白菜品质及土壤性质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,配方4处理的白菜Vc含量最多,配方1次之,分别较对照增加了210%、193%,硝酸盐含量除配方3和配方5外,其他处理均小于432 mg/kg,在安全范围内;5种水溶肥均能在一定程度上改善土壤p H值和电导率,配方1土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量最高,分别为327.8 mg/kg和118.23 mg/kg,参照菜园土壤有效养分丰缺状况的分级标准,土壤氮、磷含量过高,可能会对周边的水环境造成污染。