滑坡灰色系统预测模型及其应用

本文在分析目前国内外滑坡灰色预测预报模型基础上，提出了一种新的滑坡灰色系统预测预报模型。该模型相对於过去常用的灰色模型考虑了更多的影响因素，有更高的可信度。它不仅可用作滑波的临滑预报，还可用于般监测信息的预测。     

Fringe View: Problems and Construction of Human Settlement Environment for Village-in-City

1 INTRODUCTIONAs a special pattern of community in city, "village-in-city"has objectively existed for many years, but it is only inrecent years that the phenomenon of "village-in-city" hasreally aroused the attention of scholars, government andmedia. The attention of government and media is mainlyfocused on the urban managerial problems that areproduced by "village-in-city", while the academic circlestry to explain the phenomenon of "village-in-city" andput forward measures in the academic…     

Peroxymonosulfate enhanced photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants and simultaneously cathodic recycling of silver

Degradation of organic contaminants with simultaneous recycling of Ag⁺ from silver-containing organic wastewater such as photographic effluents is desired. Although photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) technology is a good candidate for this type of wastewater, its reaction kinetics still needs to be improved. Herein, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was employed to enhance the PEC kinetics for oxidation of phenol (PhOH) at the anode and reduction of Ag⁺ at the cathode. The degradation efficiency of phenol (PhOH, 0.1 mmol/L) was increased from 42.8% to 96.9% by adding 5 mmol/L PMS at a potential of 0.25 V. Meanwhile, the Ag (by wt%) deposited on the cathode was 28.1% (Ag₂O) in PEC process, while that of Ag (by wt%) was 69.7% (Ag⁰) by adding PMS. According to the electrochemistry analysis, PMS, as photoelectrons acceptor, enhances the separation efficiency of charges and the direct h⁺ oxidation of PhOH at the photoanode. Meantime, the increasing cathode potential avoided H₂ evolution and strongly alkaline at the surface of cathode, thus enabling the deposition of Ag⁺ in the form of metallic silver with the help of PMS. In addition, PMS combined with PEC process was effective in treating photographic effluents.     

铈离子光催化降解茜素绿的性能和机理简

主要研究了简单铈离子（Ce³⁺）在紫外光（UV）的作用下对蒽醌染料茜素绿（AG）的光催化降解效果和反应机理。结果表明，UV/Ce³⁺体系能够有效降解AG，初始反应速率随AG浓度的倒数值和Ce³⁺浓度的增加而线性增加，随初始溶液pH的增加先降低后增加，在酸性条件下有很高的TOC去除率。荧光探针实验表明，反应过程中可以产生·OH自由基。UV/Ce³⁺体系对其他类型染料和对硝基苯酚都有较好的降解效果。     

鄱阳湖乐安江流域非点源氮污染时空变化特征分析

乐安江是影响鄱阳湖水质的一条重要河流，近年来非点源污染迅速增加，水质呈下降趋势。运用GIS手段建立了研究区非点源污染的基本空间信息库，在野外水样监测和土地利用调查的基础上，分析了乐安江流域非点源氮的时空变化特征。氮的流失主要以可溶态形式，TN和DTN全年变化剧烈，在12月份普遍较高，4月份次之，9月份最低。在监测各月份乐安江流域TN浓度的范围为0.09~1.359 mg/L，水质属中营养水平。NO3-N浓度平均值为DTN的65%，是DTN流失的主要形态，其时空分布与TN具有明显的相似性；在丰水期4月份，NH3-N的平均浓度为全年最低水平，平水期9月份NH3-N平均浓度为三氮之首；NO2-N全年含量最低。各种形态的氮浓度在空间上从上游向下游基本呈增加趋势；西南部地区各种形态的氮浓度普遍高于东北部地区，说明上游水质普遍好于下游水质。     

双波长紫外吸收法有机废水COD测量技术与仪器设计

紫外吸收法直接测定有机废水COD是一种无需化学试剂、无样品前处理、无二次污染的绿色无损检测技术,但在实际应用中发现,有机废水中的悬浮物对测量结果产生较大影响.以实际废水水样为例,详细阐述了双波长紫外吸收法测量有机废水COD的操作方法及其消除悬浮物干扰的原理,并介绍了运用该技术设计开发的COD在线测量仪器.该仪器采用嵌入式计算机系统实时采集和处理数据,根据实际废水在双波长测量条件下的有效紫外吸光度快速推算出其COD值,具有快速、准确、无污染的特点.     

Measurement and spatial convergence analysis of China’s agricultural green development index

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural green development index (AGDI), this paper uses entropy weight method and linear weighted...     

活性炭辅助微波活化煤矸石的“枣糕”模型

采用活性炭辅助微波活化煤矸石,将煤矸石的活化时间由传统高温焙烧方法的2 h缩短到了24 min以内。将70目活性炭与200目煤矸粉以2.0∶1的质量配比充分混合后在800 W微波功率下活化24 min,铝铁浸出率可达750℃焙烧2 h的1.71倍。将微波看做实体物质,将活化过程看做是由活性炭向煤矸粉的单向微波能量传递,引入化学反应工程学方法,"枣糕"模型计算表明,在680 W功率下,活性炭的微波附着速率常数ka=0.334 min-1,微波脱附速率常数k’a=0.050 min-1,煤矸粉的微波附着速率常数kb=0.262 min-1,相关系数R=0.99997。在528、680、800 W 3个功率水平下,"枣糕"模型的计算值均与实验值拟合良好,相关系数均高于0.999,在以上3功率下,发现极限铝铁相对浸出率a与极限温升ΔTmax近似成正比。     

垃圾焚烧炉炉拱改造与燃烧优化的数值模拟

炉排式垃圾焚烧炉在处理比设计水分高、热值低的垃圾时,容易出现着火位置滞后、垃圾＂烧不透＂、残炭含量高等问题。采用FLIC软件的床层模型和商业软件FLUENT,对焚烧炉炉排和炉膛燃烧过程进行了模拟计算。结合某城市生活垃圾焚烧炉存在的燃烧不完全问题,通过一系列的数值实验,探索后拱高度和挡板的有无对燃烧过程的影响。比较了炉拱辐射强度、挥发分质量分数、温度沿炉排长度方向的分布以及炉膛内的速度矢量图。结果表明,降低后拱高度或增加挡板均可使着火位置有不同程度的前移;同时降低炉拱高度和增加挡板可使着火位置前移约1.1 m,提前进入稳定燃烧阶段。     

Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of HCHs in Urban Soils of Beijing,China

The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were investigated in urban soil samples collected from business area, classical garden (CL), culture and educational area, large public green space (LA), residential area, and roadside area in Beijing. HCH concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 136.43 ng/g, with a geometric mean of 3.46 ng/g. The HCH concentrations in CL and LA were much higher than that in the other types of land use, which was due to the usage of HCHs to protect vegetation in CL and LA. Source identification showed that contamination source of HCHs was derived from historical HCHs (including technical HCHs and Lindane) as well as the long-range atmospheric transportation of HCHs. HCH concentrations showed a decreasing trend from the city centre to the suburb, and it increased with the age of the urban area. HCHs were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with total organic carbon and black carbon in soils. Health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from dermal uptake and inhalation exposure pathways, and the total risk values were lower than the acceptable health risk value (10^− 6). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the reaction half-life of HCHs in soil, fraction dermal uptake from soil, exposure duration, and organic carbon fraction in soil significantly contributed to the variance of the health risk.