Mg-Al-LDHs复合促进CdS光催化剂的可见光催化活性

采用过饱和沉淀法制备了镁铝层状双氢氧化物(Mg-Al-LDHs)载体,并通过水热法将高分散纳米CdS粒子负载于其上,得到了可见光响应和高活性的CdS/Mg-Al-LDHs复合光催化材料。通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR、UV-Vis-DRS和BET等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,水热过程中,CdS纳米粒子的插层使Mg-Al-LDHs发生了剥离,由于剥离态Mg-AlLDHs较大的负载表面,与纯CdS纳米颗粒相比,负载的CdS纳米粒子的分散度较高、晶粒粒径较小且光吸收明显蓝移,这不仅增加了复合催化剂的活性位点,而且提高了负载CdS纳米粒子的光生电子-空穴对的氧化还原能力,从而使复合催化剂具有较高的反应活性。可见光条件下(λ420 nm),CdS/Mg-Al-LDHs复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的活性明显高于纯CdS,当CdS的负载量为50%时,降解MB的活性与纯CdS相比提高了2.4倍。     

Periodically hydrologic alterations decouple the relationships between physicochemical variables and chlorophyll-a in a dam-induced urban lake

Periodically hydrologic alterations driven by seasonal change and water storage capacity management strongly modify physicochemical properties and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and their interactions in dam-induced lakes. However, the extent and magnitude of these changes still remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of periodically hydrologic alterations on physicochemical variables and Chl-a in the dam-induced urban Hanfeng Lake, upstream of Three Gorges Reservoir. Shifts in Chl-a and 13 physicochemical variables were recorded monthly in the lake from January 2013 to December 2014. Chl-a was neither seasonal nor inter-annual differences while a few physical variables such as flow velocity (V) exhibited significantly seasonal variabilities, and chemical variables like total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved silica (DSi) were markedly inter-annual differences. Higher TN:TP (40:1) and lower NO₃-N:DSi (0.8:1) relative to balanced stoichiometric ratios suggested changes in composition of phytoplankton communities and potentially increased proportion of diatom in Hanfeng Lake. Chl-a was predicable by combination of dissolved oxygen (DO), TN and DSi in dry season, and by V alone in wet season. During the whole study period, Chl-a was solely negatively correlated with TN:TP, indicating decline in N concentration and increase in P could therefore increase Chl-a. Our results highlight pronounced decoupling of linkages between Chl-a and physicochemical variables affected by periodically hydrologic alterations in dam-induced aquatic systems.     

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted modification of g-C3N4/Ag2O/TiO2-NRs composite enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma applied as surface treatment technology was employed for the modification of Ag₂O and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) powders. Subsequently, the pretreated powders were sequentially loaded onto TiO₂ nanorods (TiO₂-NRs) via electro-deposition, followed by calcination at N₂ atmosphere. The results indicated that at the optimal plasma discharge time of 5 min for modification of g-C₃N₄ and Ag₂O, photocurrent density of ternary composite was 6 times to bare TiO₂-NRs under UV-visible light irradiation. Phenol was degraded by using DBD plasma-modified g-C₃N₄/Ag₂O/TiO₂-NRs electrode to analyze the photoelectrocatalytic performance. The removal rate of phenol for g-C₃N₄-5/Ag₂O-5/TiO₂-NRs electrode was about 3.07 times to that for TiO₂-NRs electrode. During active species scavengers’ analysis, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals were the main oxidation active species for pollutants degradation. A possible electron-hole separation and transfer mechanism of ternary composite with high photoelectrocatalytic performance was proposed.     

基于因子分析的石化企业安全领导力评估系统构建

针对企业管理层安全领导力评估客观性、准确性不足的问题,通过借鉴优秀做法,分析岗位职责要求,采用半结构化(BEI)企业实地访谈及内容分析技术等,初步构建安全领导力评估指标体系,并对其进行验证优化,最终确定指标体系包括7个维度的关键要素及30个子要素。应用在某企业,结果显示:评估系统可实现安全领导力评估的量化分级和趋势分析,有助于找出管理者实际水平与指标体系要求之间的差距,为企业安全管理水平提升提供科学依据。     

芳烃石油树脂生产的环境保护

乙烯装置的副产品在综合利用中存在着严重的环境污染问题。中原油田采取了一些措施。用催化剂对生产尾气进行吸收,将有毒的氟化物转化为钙盐用于磷肥生产;将石油树脂聚合液中BF3脱除,防止对大气、水进行污染;用冷却回收工艺对减压蒸馏放空的芳烃气体进行处理。通过上述治理大大改善了企业的环境,有效地防止了环境污染。     

冷冻胶粉粒度对橡胶胶料力学性能的影响

研究了冷冻胶粉粒度对橡胶胶料力学性能的影响,发现添加冷冻胶粉会使胶料的力学性能下降,胶粉粒度越大,胶料性能下降的程度越严重。同时还发现,薄通处理可以改善胶粉的表面活性,减轻胶粉粒度对胶料性能的影响,改善胶料的力学性能。     

Fe~(3+)掺杂TiO_2/凹凸棒复合材料的光催化性能

采用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列Fe3+掺杂TiO2/凹凸棒(Fe3+-TiO2/ATP)复合光催化剂材料。在可见光条件下,以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液的光催化降解反应,评价了样品的光催化性能,研究了TiO2负载量、Fe3+掺杂量和焙烧温度对复合材料光催化性能的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验设计(L25(53))优化了催化剂的制备条件。光催化实验结果表明,MB在复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学模型。正交实验结果表明,当TiO2负载量为15%、Fe3+掺杂量为0.5%和焙烧温度为550℃时,得到的复合材料对MB的光催化降解效率最佳,测得表观反应速率常数kapp为6.09×10-3min-1,反应4 h后MB的降解率(Dt)可达75.88%,相同实验条件下与P25(1.51×10-3min-1)相比较,反应速率提高了4.03倍,降解率提高了45.05%。另外,复合材料的沉降性能优于P25,易于分离,是一类有应用前景的复合光催化剂。     

中国城市生活垃圾燃烧的特性

根据我国23个主要城市约40组垃圾的统计数据(包括元素分析和工业分析及组分分析),较好地拟合了生活垃圾净热值、垃圾焚烧理论空气量的计算公式;在此基础上研究了垃圾净热值与绝热火焰温度的数学关系,进而分析了垃圾单独焚烧(无辅助燃料)所需的临界热值及过剩空气率、预热空气温度等参数对临界热值的影响.本研究为了解垃圾的燃烧特性及垃圾的焚烧利用提供分析依据.     

太湖流域断头河道微循环水质效应与生物响应

针对太湖流域断头河道微循环过程中水质效应和生物响应不清楚的问题,笔者通过水槽模拟实验,分析了氮磷和有机物等水质指标随水体微循环时间、频率的变化关系;通过常州武进洛阳镇徐家头浜实际河道微循环实验,探讨了微循环运行过程中实际河道水质的稳定性,微循环过程中实际河道的生物响应,及浊度、溶解氧、pH等环境因素的影响。结果表明：水槽模拟实验条件下微循环对水体氨氮去除的影响最为明显（去除率达62.91%）,COD去除率变化幅度受微循环频率的影响最大（可达50%）;微循环设置后实际河道COD浓度下降趋势明显（降幅约30%）;微循环过程中河道水体浮游动物和浮游植物数量均呈上升趋势,而河道边坡和底泥中Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Actinobacteria、Acidobacteria等优势微生物菌群的丰度却有不同程度的变化。同时,浊度对总磷和COD的影响程度相当,溶解氧和pH对水体氨氮浓度的影响均最显著。该研究为改善断头河道水质提供新方向,为微循环技术的实际应用提供数据参考。