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Biswanath Mahanty Mohd. Zafar Man Jae Han Hung-Suck Park 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(6):1018-1024
Optimal biogas production and sludge treatment were studied by co-digestion experiments and modeling using five different wastewater sludges generated from paper, chemical, petrochemical, automobile, and food processing industries situated in Ulsan Industrial Complex, Ulsan, South Korea. The biomethane production potential test was conducted in simplex-centroid mixture design, fitted to regression equation, and some optimal co-digestion scenarios were given by combined desirability function based multi-objective optimization technique for both methane yield and the quantity of sludge digested. The co-digestion model incorporating main and interaction effects among sludges were utilized to predict the maximum possible methane yield. The optimization routine for methane production with different industrial sludges in batches were repeated with the left-over sludge of earlier cycle, till all sludges have been completely treated. Among the possible scenarios, a maximum methane yield of 1161.53 m3 is anticipated in three batches followed by 1130.33 m3 and 1045.65 m3 in five and two batches, respectively. This study shows a scientific approach to find a practical solution to utilize diverse industrial sludges in both treatment and biogas production perspectives. 相似文献
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House dust as a source of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Kuwait 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Gevao B Al-Bahloul M Al-Ghadban AN Al-Omair A Ali L Zafar J Helaleh M 《Chemosphere》2006,64(4):603-608
This study reports concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust samples collected from 17 homes in Kuwait. PBDEs were measured in all homes investigated with mean summation operatorPBDEs concentration ranging from 1 to 393 ng g(-1), with a geometric mean of 76 ng g(-1). The dominant congener in all samples was BDE 209 constituting ca. 85% of the summationPBDEs followed by BDE 99 (5%), BDE 47 (4.5%), and BDE 183 (2%). The congener mixture in dust is dominated by those in deca and penta formulations. Using the measured concentrations and estimates of dust ingestion rates for children and adults, estimated human non-dietary exposure based on mean PBDE levels were 14.8 and 1.5 ng day(-1) for children and adults, respectively. The 10-fold difference in exposure estimates between children and adults in this study supports previous reports that children are at greater risk from pollutants that accumulate indoors. The ubiquitous distribution of these chemicals as noted in this study highlights the fact that we are continuously exposed to low doses of chemicals in the indoor environment. 相似文献
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Saeed R Sattar A Iqbal Z Imran M Nadeem R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(4):1909-1919
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a policy tool used for evaluating a project proposal from physical and socioeconomic
environmental perspectives. Its aim is to reduce the impact of development on environment, hence, ensuring environmental sustainability.
It is mandatory to submit an Environmental Impact Statement before starting a mega project as required by Environmental Protection
Act of 1997 and Environmental Policy of Pakistan. Public consultation plays a key role in an EIA system, identifying the likely
aspects and impacts of a development activity. This aspect has been ignored in effective enactment of environmental legislation
in Pakistan. Sufficient legislative instruments are there to support EIA system in the country but the agencies responsible
for the enforcement of environmental regulations have failed to do so. The current research gives an insight into the actual
status of EIA system in Pakistan along with the feedback of EIA specialists and university teachers of the concerned departments.
A new index has been devised on the basis of questionnaire response to work out the overall performance of EIA system in Pakistan
or any other country. The weaknesses and deficiencies of each EIA stage have been worked out for Pakistan and elaborated with
the help of the controversial Zero point Interchange Project in the capital city of Pakistan. 相似文献
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Usman Muhammad Ma Zhiqiang Zafar Muhammad Wasif Waheed Abdul Li Mingxing 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54551-54564
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The current global spirit for sustainable development has led to increased attention to reducing the use of conventional energy sources and managing... 相似文献
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Saulat Hammad Khan Muhammad Masood Aslam Muhammad Chawla Muhammad Rafiq Sikander Zafar Faisal Khan Muhammad Mahmood Bokhari Awais Jamil Farrukh Bhutto Abdul Waheed Bazmi Aqeel Ahmed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34051-34073
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy is an essential parameter for the economic growth and sustainable development of any country. Due to the rapid increase in energy demand,... 相似文献
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soils along a rural-urban-rural transect: sources, concentration gradients, and profiles 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gevao B Ghadban AN Uddin S Jaward FM Bahloul M Zafar J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3666-3672
This study reports concentrations of PBDEs in surface soil samples collected along a 140 km transect across Kuwait to assess the role of urban centers as sources of persistent organic pollutants to the surrounding environment. The ΣPBDE concentrations varied by a factor of ∼250 and ranged from 289 to 80,078 pg g−1 d.w. The concentrations of PBDEs in Kuwait City were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those collected from sites outside the city supporting the hypothesis that urban centers are sources of PBDEs. The congener profiles were dominated by BDE-209, accounting for 93% of the PBDEs in the soil samples. The concentrations of all congeners (except BDE-209) were highly correlated with percent organic carbon (%OC) (p > 0.05) when the data from Kuwait City was omitted from the analysis. These findings suggest that soil concentrations outside the urban centers were close to equilibrium with the atmosphere. 相似文献
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Drylands (41 and 35% of global land and population, respectively) have the lowest biological productivity of any ecosystem,
contain populations with the highest growth rates on earth, and share a significant fraction of global poverty for which desertification
is implicated. A global assessment of the available information indicates that the inherent low productivity of drylands,
when combined with other adverse factors, can generate poverty. It additionally indicates that while the drylands may exist
in a locally stable and sustainable state, this is readily destabilized by non-linear, threshold-crossing transitions to an
alternative steady-state leading to desertification, poverty and conflicts. The “desertification paradigm” (human and climatological
pressures driving overexploitation of land resources, leading to desertification, poverty and reduced security) is challenged
by its “counter-paradigm” (adversity elicits innovation, leading to ingenuous solutions for avoiding desertification). But
the latter does not account for the inevitability of continued and increasing pressure on the finite dryland resources, expected
to be further exacerbated by a globally increasing need for agricultural land. A companion paper points out that this situation
can be avoided by reducing dependence on land productivity, through adoption of “alternative livelihoods.” These livelihoods,
while economically advantageous, reduce pressure on land resources. 相似文献
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