Carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere and precipitation of the Nam Co region, central Tibet

A continuous air and precipitation sampling for carbonaceous particles was conducted in a field observatory beside Nam Co, Central Tibetan Plateau during July of 2006 through January of 2007. Organic carbon (OC) was the dominant composition of the carbonaceous particles both in the atmosphere (1660 ng/m³) and precipitation (476 ng/g) in this area, while the average elemental carbon (BC) concentrations in the atmosphere and precipitation were only 82 ng/m³ and 8 ng/g, respectively. Very high OC/BC ratio suggested local secondary organic carbon could be a dominant contribution to OC over the Nam Co region, while BC could be mainly originated from Southern Asia, as indicated by trajectory analysis and aerosol optical depth. Comparison between the BC concentrations measured in Lhasa, those at “Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P)” site on the southern slope of the Himalayas, and Nam Co suggested BC in the Nam Co region reflected a background with weak anthropogenic disturbances and the emissions from Lhasa might have little impact on the atmospheric environment here, while the pollutants from the Indo-Gangetic Basin of Southern Asia could be transported to the Nam Co region by both the summer monsoon and the westerly.     

企业安全管理存在的问题及对策

1企业安全管理存在的主要问题 虽然很多企业已认识到了安全的重要性,也认识到了安全工作重在预防,但仍然有一些企业只追求眼前利益,不愿进行安全投入。有些企业的安全管理,长期徘徊于传统的事后管理阶段,平时主要任务是搞检查,发生事故时搞追查,安全工作随着事故的变化而变化^[1]。跟在事故后面,头痛医头,脚痛医脚。     

应对大型油罐特大火灾的研究——LASTFIRE项目组简介

简要介绍了LASTFIRE项目组的成立背景、组织结构、研究领域、研究目的、研究思路、研究进展等内容,总结了该项目组近几年的研究成果,指出我国的相关企业或研究机构应积极参与这种国际研究组织,实现研究国外资源共享,共同提高大型储罐的安全技术和管理水平。     

原油外输泵房噪声分析与防治

介绍了采油厂原油外输泵房的噪声现状及噪声对职工造成的危害,分析了噪声的主要来源为电磁噪声、机械噪声、空气动力l陛噪声以及阀门噪声、摩擦噪声和管路噪声等,其声压级在90～104dB之间,频率主要集中在200～3000Hz范围,并制定了噪声治理方案。     

焦炭塔现场操作的危险原因分析和解决措施

根据具体的事故案例,对焦炭塔现场操作过程存在的各种危险进行了原因分析,提出要从完善仪表控制、加强操作工培训、改善操作条件、进行技术动改及不断完善操作规程和各类制度等方面入手,切实做好各类基础工作,才能消除危险,保障安全。     

采油厂化验室危险因素及对策

针对采油厂化验室的特点,对其存在的危险有害因素,从火灾爆炸、中毒、腐蚀、触电、机械伤害、人员、储存场所等方面进行了较为系统的分析,并提出了相应的对策措施。     

碳排放交易制度下城市减排的机会成本研究——基于中国碳排放试点城市的实证检验

作为全球气候治理的重要手段,碳排放交易制度受到了广泛的关注与讨论。基于此,本文采用我国2010-2016年城市面板数据,运用非参数方法构建方向性环境距离函数测算了2009-2015年城市减排的机会成本,计算结果显示,试点地区与非试点地区的碳排放的机会成本整体表现为上升的趋势,且试点地区的碳排放的机会成本总体低于非试点地区。在测算城市减排机会成本的基础上,运用双重差分法来检验碳排放交易制度的有效性。经检验发现：碳排放交易制度有利于降低城市减排的机会成本,然而由于碳排放交易制度还存在碳排放权初始分配制度缺失、碳排放交易制度的定价机制扭曲等问题,因此其对降低城市减排的机会成本作用较小,并且进一步通过对政策时间趋势的分析得出政策效应随时间推移而逐渐减弱。     

“二级厌氧-微氧-好氧”组合工艺处理模拟碳纤维生产废水

对模拟碳纤维生产废水进行“厌氧-好氧”静态小试,根据COD的去除效果确定该碳纤维废水的可生化性。采用“二级厌氧-微氧-好氧”组合工艺进行动态中试,考察废水的处理效果及系统的抗冲击性能。试验结果表明：该工艺对碳纤维生产废水的处理效果较好;系统具有厌氧池出水pH增大的特点,且抗冲击能力较强;在厌氧池水温为28~38 ℃、好氧池水温不低于15 ℃、废水流量为100 L/h、进水COD为660 mg/L、进水ρ（氨氮）为4.9 mg/L的条件下,出水COD稳定在50 mg/L以下,ρ（氨氮）稳定在5 mg/L以下,能够满足GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》的要求。     

氯气泄漏扩散过程及后果评价的研究现状分析

综述了氯气泄漏扩散过程及后果评价的研究成果。从现场试验、实验室模拟和数学模拟三方面分析了氯气泄漏扩散各研究方法的优势和局限性。强调了氯气泄漏扩散后果评价的必要性。指出:必须针对中国特有的一些重气扩散建立专属知识产权的数学模型;不同层次数学模型的精度皆有待于进一步提高;需加强基于特定数学模型的全过程统一界面模拟程序的开发。     

Study of nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry

Experiments were conducted using a bubbling reactor to investigate nitrogen oxide absorption in the calcium sulfite slurry. The effects of CaSO₃ concentration, NO₂/NO mole ratio and O₂ concentrations on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies were investigated. Five types of additives, including MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, FeSO₄, MgSO₄/Na₂SO₄ and FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄, had been evaluated for enhancing NO₂ absorption in CaSO₃ slurry. Results showed that CaSO₃ concentration had significant impact on NO₂ and SO₂ absorption efficiencies, and the highest absorption efficiencies of SO₂ and NO₂ could reach about 99.5 and 75.0 %, respectively. Furthermore, the NO₂ absorption was closely related to the NO₂/NO mole ratio, and the existence of NO₂ in flue gas may promote NO absorption. The presence of O₂ in simulated flue gas was disadvantage for NO _x removal because it can oxidize sulfite to sulfate. It was worth pointing out that FeSO₄/Na₂SO₄ was the best additive among those investigated additives, as the NO₂ removal efficiency was significantly increased from 74.8 to 95.0 %. IC and in situ FTIR results suggest that the main products were NO₃ ^? and NO₂ ^? in liquid phase and N₂O, N₂O₅ and HNO₃ in gas phase during the CaSO₃ absorption process.