极震区震后泥石流物源特征研究

汶川地震后,极震区产生了大量的崩滑堆积体、震裂岩体及震动松弛覆盖层,极震区震后泥石流物源的产生及汇集方式发生了极大的变化,但缺乏震后特殊条件下动储量的计算方法。在实际调查统计"5·12"极震区安县高川乡多条泥石沟物源的基础上,总结了极震区震后泥石流的形成过程及启动方式。分析得出,震后泥石流物源量与沟域面积、高程放大效应、断层运动方式、地质岩性条件及地形条件等因素有关,其中沟域面积、沟顶高程及沟道与发震断裂的距离为主控影响因子。在此基础上,提出了"地震高程指数放大经验模型";通过多元统计拟合法首次得出了震后泥石流动储量与流域面积、高差的计算关系,并通过地震距离修正得出极震区震后泥石流的动储量计算公式,为震后泥石流动储量估算及工程治理提供参考。     

To roll or not to roll: nyctinastic behavior in young leaves of sacred lotus,Nelumbo nucifera

The Science of Nature -     

Identification of unknown disinfection byproducts in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water

Although disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water have been suggested as a cancer causing factor, the causative compounds have not yet been clarified. In this study, we used liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight spectrometry(LC-QTOF MS) to identify the unknown disinfection byproducts(DBPs) in drinking water produced from Taihu Lake source water, which is known as a convergence point for the anthropogenic pollutants discharged from intensive industrial activities in the surroundi...     

铁炭微电解预处理电路板废水

采用铁炭微电解法预处理电路板废水.结果表明,在进水pH为2.00、铁炭质量比为4:1、振荡时间为20 min的铁炭微电解静态实验最佳条件下,絮凝出水COD去除率为30%;在进水pH为2.00、铁炭质量比为4:1、水力停留时间为50 min的铁炭微电解柱动态实验最佳条件下,连续曝气.絮凝出水COD为11021 mg/L,COD去除率约为34%,BOD5/COD从0.12上升到0.32,可生化性提高,Cu2+质量浓度从9.11 mg/L下降至0.76 mg/L,降低了废水的生物毒性,为生化处理创造了条件.     

Biosorption properties of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. The EPS were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. Biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of EPS was investigated as a function of pH using differential pulse polarography and the Ruzic model. Results showed that the EPS biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i?=?f(C _M) or the method proposed by Ruzic (Analytica Chimica Acta 140:99–113, 1982) were coincident. Cu(II) had the highest affinity with EPS followed by Pb(II) and Cd(II). The total number of binding sites for Cu(II) and Cd(II) increased with pH in the range of 4.0–7.0. Similar trend was observed for Pb(II) at pH?4.0–5.0, while precipitates were observed at pH?6.0 and 7.0. The conditional binding constants of these three metals displayed low levels of fluctuation with pH and ranged from 4.02?±?0.02 to 5.54?±?0.05.     

Green manure plants for remediation of soils polluted by metals and metalloids: Ecotoxicity and human bioavailability assessment

Borage, white mustard and phacelia, green manure plants currently used in agriculture to improve soil properties were cultivated for 10 wk on various polluted soils with metal(loid) concentrations representative of urban brownfields or polluted kitchen gardens. Metal(loid) bioavailability and ecotoxicity were measured in relation to soil characteristics before and after treatment. All the plants efficiently grow on the various polluted soils. But borage and mustard only are able to modify the soil characteristics and metal(loid) impact: soil respiration increased while ecotoxicity, bioaccessible lead and total metal(loid) quantities in soils can be decreased respectively by phytostabilization and phytoextraction mechanisms. These two plants could therefore be used for urban polluted soil refunctionalization. However, plant efficiency to improve soil quality strongly depends on soil characteristics.     

诱导结晶工艺中诱品载体的选择与改性

以含铜废水为处理对象，重点考察了诱晶载体的表面性质及表面负荷对诱导结晶过程的影响。结果表明，在工艺启动初期，白云石以及碱式碳酸铜为诱晶载体时，铜的去除率在90％以上，石英砂对铜的去除率较低，但石英砂经表面改性后对铜的去除效率亦可达90％以上。在运行稳定后，几类诱导载体对铜的去除率皆能稳定在95％，说明诱晶载体的表面性质对诱导结晶工艺的影响主要在于反应启动初期，选择与目标结晶产物结构、成分相同或相似的诱晶载体有利于诱导结晶过程的进行。此外，研究结果还表明，诱晶载体表面负荷对结晶过程影响较大，诱导结晶除铜工艺中载体表面负荷不宜高于0．054gCu／（m2·d）。     

白鹤滩水电站岩质边坡微震活动特征研究*

白鹤滩水电站左岸边坡高陡,应力条件复杂,存在LS_(331)、LS_(337)、LS_(3319)层内错动带,F17断层等软弱结构面,施工期和运营期安全问题十分突出。为评价其左岸边坡开挖稳定性,利用微震监测系统对边坡微震活动进行实时监测,并分析微震活动的时空以及震级分布,揭示岩质边坡开挖扰动下的微震活动特性及其施工响应特征。结果表明:开挖强度越大,边坡损伤越大,微震活动越活跃;爆破后0.5h内应力急剧调整,微震活动频繁;震级分布在-1.6~0.4之间,爆破开挖诱发大量震级小能量低的微震事件,诱发边坡的渐进损伤;软弱结构面是微震事件的主要活动区域,具有发生破坏变形的可能性;左岸边坡岩石破裂以复合型破坏和剪切破坏为主,伴随少量拉伸破坏。该研究可为工程后续开挖和支护提供参考,为同类微震活动特性分析提供一定的借鉴。     

家用洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻生长的影响

以洗衣粉中的有机磷为磷源,通过室内模拟的方法研究在不同磷浓度的水体条件下斜生栅藻的生长情况,以及磷对斜生栅藻的生长是否有毒害作用.通过显微计数测定藻细胞数目来探讨洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻生长的影响;同时分析了洗衣粉中磷对斜生栅藻96 h生长期中光合色素的影响.结果表明,洗衣粉中的磷除了促进藻生长外,其浓度过低或过高都会抑制藻的生长.由实验结果可得,磷对藻生长的富营养化作用和毒性作用取决于磷浓度的高低.     

根据断层形变剖面资料分析泾阳口镇-关山断裂活动状况

首先分析泾阳地震台1986～2005年跨口镇一关山断层定点形变观测资料,指出形变剖面各点的运动特征:1995年前泾阳台N1A测线资料基本上呈线性变化,1995～1997年该测线形变资料呈现较大的波动性异常,1998年1月5日陕西泾阳发生4.8级地震,靠近断层的点位发生了阶跃式变化,之后各点位运动渐趋于平缓.其后结合断层位错模型引起的地表形变特征,分析得出该形变变化主要由地裂和断裂活动共同引起;不考虑地震引起的异常时段,分析1986～1994以及1999～2005形变年变化量,可看出变化趋势基本一致;最后利用1986～1994形变速率进行断层蠕滑段或地裂速率及深度反演.从反演结果可以看出,基准点N1比较稳定,3号点附近的地裂较浅,底部几十米,以垂直下滑为主,兼有张裂活动;5、6号点之间的断层活动深度在1 km左右.该断层上盘仍在下降.